GMP玻璃化冷冻未成熟牛卵母细胞核成熟及冷冻损伤试验

本试验通过荧光染色的方法建立了未成熟牛卵母细胞在体外培养过程中第1次减数分裂的各个阶段的参考判定图谱;根据这个标准来观察毛细玻璃管(GMP)玻璃化冷冻对卵母细胞核成熟和冷冻损伤的影响。结果表明,从屠宰场废弃的卵巢表面卵泡内抽取的COCs,70%处于生发泡期,12.5%生发泡开始破裂,7.5%已开始浓缩,这说明从屠宰场获得的COCs有较高的异质性;卵母细胞在成熟培养22h时收获排出第一极体的卵母细胞,可得到丰度较高的极体-胞质染色体对称、紧密相邻的成熟卵母细胞;GMP玻璃化冷冻损伤主要有2种表现形式,首先,直接影响膜结构的完整性,包括细胞膜和核膜,这可从退化的细胞比例看出(8～24h,有21.9%～27.2%的细胞处于该阶段),其次,影响CONDENSED向MⅠ期的过渡,这可从处于CONDENSED卵母细胞的比例看出(8～24h,有24.1%～34.3%的细胞处于该阶段)。     

基于模糊专家系统的农作物健康管理系统

为及时与有效地提供农作物生产中品种选择、施肥方案以及农药使用等科学的、系统的技术支持方案,提出利用农作物生长知识和该领域专家经验开发农作物健康管理的模糊专家系统,并介绍了系统的总体结构设计、知识的规则表达、GMP的模糊推理方法及系统的实现流程.模糊专家系统是对一般专家系统的发展和补充,具有一定的实用价值.     

小麦籽粒谷蛋白大聚合体粒度分布特征及对氮素的响应

为了给小麦品质改良提供依据,以强筋小麦品种藁城8901和弱筋小麦品种山农1391为材料,设置不同氮素水平,研究了籽粒谷蛋白大聚合体(GMP)颗粒粒径分布特征及对氮素水平的响应.结果表明,小麦籽粒GMP颗粒粒径范围为0.375～200 μm.GMP颗粒体积分布总体上呈双峰曲线变化,＜12 μm的GMP颗粒体积百分比为11.2％～45％,＞12 μm的GMP颗粒体积百分比为55.0％～88.8％.与弱筋小麦山农1391相比,强筋小麦藁城8901有较高比例的＞12 μm颗粒.GMP颗粒数目分布表现为单峰分布,＜4 μm和＜12 μm的颗粒数目百分比分别为97.5％～98.0％和99.9％,表明小麦GMP颗粒中绝大多数为＜4 μm的小颗粒.在施氮0～240 kg·hm-2范围内,随着施氮量的增加,＜12 μm颗粒体积百分比显著降低,12～90 μm、＞90 μm颗粒体积百分比增加,说明适量施氮能够显著提高GMP大、中颗粒比例.过量氮素不利于小麦籽粒谷蛋白大聚合体的形成.     

Polymerisation of gluten proteins in developing wheat grain as affected by desiccation

The breadmaking quality of wheat is affected by the composition of gluten proteins and the polymerisation of subunits that are synthesised and accumulated in developing wheat grain. The biological mechanisms and time course of these events during grain development are documented, but not widely confirmed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to monitor the accumulation of gluten protein subunits and the size distribution of protein aggregates during grain development. The effect of desiccation on the polymerisation of gluten proteins and the functional properties of gluten were also studied. The results showed that the size of glutenin polymers remained consistently low until yellow ripeness (YR), while it increased during grain desiccation after YR. Hence, this polymerisation process was presumed to be initiated by desiccation. A similar polymerisation event was also observed when premature grains were dried artificially. The composition of gluten proteins, the ratios of glutenin to gliadin and high molecular weight-glutenin subunits to low molecular weight-glutenin subunits, in premature grain after artificial desiccation showed close association with the size of glutenin polymers in artificially dried grain. Functional properties of gluten in these samples were also associated with polymer size after artificial desiccation.     

不同品种小麦籽粒蛋白质组分及谷蛋白大聚合体的积累规律

选用7个不同的小麦品种,研究了小麦籽粒从灌浆期到成熟期蛋白质组分、谷蛋白大聚合体(GMP)和总蛋白含量的积累变化规律,以及它们彼此之间的关系。结果表明:①籽粒中的清蛋白和球蛋白在灌浆初期的积累较高,以后逐渐下降,一般在灌浆中后期到达一个最低点,到达最低点以后直到灌浆期结束又有所上升;不同品种之间没有明显差异;②籽粒中醇溶蛋白含量在成熟时较灌浆初期都有所下降,具有优质亚基组合的品种醇溶蛋白积累较少,品种间醇溶蛋白积累规律差异较大;③谷蛋白积累量随着灌浆过程逐渐升高,与谷蛋白大聚合体(GMP)含量变化过程一致;④大多数品种GMP含量在成熟期达到最高峰,在花后20 d以前都在较低水平上保持相对稳定的积累量,花后20 d以后,GMP含量随着灌浆过程的进行而逐渐升高;⑤籽粒总蛋白含量在灌浆期间都有一个最低点,其前、后各有一个高峰,前一个高峰主要受清蛋白、球蛋白和醇溶蛋白积累的影响,而后一个峰值主要是受谷蛋白积累的影响。     

HACCP体系在我国的应用现状及存在问题的探讨

介绍了HACCP体系的发展原理,重点剖析了我国在贯彻和应用HACCP体系时出现的问题,并提出解决有关问题的几个基本观点。     

沙棘资源的开发与利用

我国的沙棘资源十分丰富，并具有很好的治疗作用和营养价值，是开发药品、功能食品、化妆品的很好原料。当前人类要求回归自然的呼声日益高涨，掀起了全球的天然药物使用热潮。我国政府又出台了系列对中药产业扶持和优惠政策，对中药现代化提供了前所未有的良好机遇，我们要抓住时机，大力开发利用沙棘资源，为再造山川秀美的大西北而努力。     

Frozen bread dough: Effects of freezing storage and dough improvers

This review focuses on the effects of freezing storage on the microstructure and baking performance of frozen doughs, and provides an overview of the activities of dough improvers, including emulsifiers, hydrocolloids and other improvers used in frozen dough applications. The overall quality of bread baked from frozen dough deteriorates as the storage of the dough at sub-zero temperatures increases due to several factors which are discussed. Lipid-related emulsifiers such as diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono and diglycerides and sucrose esters employed as anti-staling agents, dough modifiers, shortening sparing agents, and as improvers for the production of high-protein bread have also been employed in frozen doughs. Hydrocolloids are gaining importance in the baking industry as dough improvers due to their ability to induce structural changes in the main components of wheat flour systems during breadmaking steps and bread storage Their effects in frozen doughs is discussed. Other dough improvers, such as ascorbic acid, honey and green tea extract, are also reviewed in the context of frozen doughs.     

延边州兽药GMP改造现状及发展对策

作者对延边州兽药生产企业进行了大量调研，根据全州企业GMP改造现状，找出其存在问题。提出可行性发展建议和对策。本文为延边州兽药产业发展可起到一定指导作用。     

兽药GMP在生产管理中的几点思考

我国《兽药GMP》是《兽药生产质量管理规范》的简称。《兽药GMP》是兽药生产的优良标准,是在兽药生产过程中,用科学合理、规范化的条件和方法来保证生产优良兽药的整套科学管理体系。《兽药GMP》实施的目的就是对兽药生产的全过程进行质