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Grass fructans can be fermented by Gram-positive bacteria (e.g., Streptococcus bovis) in the equine hindgut, increasing production of lactic acid and decreasing pH. The degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans has been suggested to influence fermentation rates. The objective of the present study was to determine how DP impacts fermentation by equine fecal bacteria and a model S. bovis. Fecal microbes from three mares were harvested by differential centrifugation, washed, and resuspended in anaerobic media containing short-chain (SC; DP ≤ 10) or long-chain (LC) inulin (DP ≥ 23) from 0% to 2% wt/vol. After 24 hours of incubation (37°C), samples were collected for pH determination. Data were analyzed using the general linear models (GLM) procedure testing for the effect of treatment, concentration, and treatment × concentration (SAS v. 9.3). At all concentrations, the pH was lower in SC fermentations than in LC (P < .0001, in all cases). To determine the effect of DP on S. bovis, cultures were grown (39°C, 9 hours) with 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1.3% SC or LC inulin. Optical density (600 nm) was determined by spectrophotometry. Maximum specific growth rates (μ) were determined by linear regression (2–5 hours). Data were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance procedure (SAS v. 9.3). The final optical density (600 nm), μ, and yield were higher with SC than with LC fermentation (P < .05). These results indicate that SC inulin may be more available for fermentation than LC inulin by equine fecal bacteria and S. bovis, specifically. 相似文献
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为了探讨高原大蒜生长特性及其果聚糖代谢规律,分析叶片生长发育与果聚糖代谢的关系,本研究以"乐都紫皮大蒜"为材料,对不同发育期的大蒜叶片生长情况、生理指标及其果聚糖代谢关键基因的表达特征进行了解析。结果表明:随着生育期的延续,大蒜植株的最大叶长、最大叶宽和单株叶片数均稳步增加。叶片生理指标呈现先升高后降低的趋势,总叶绿素含量在花芽分化之前快速上升,在抽薹期达到最大值2.32 mg/g FW;组织含水量在鳞茎膨大初期达到最大值89.06%,随后急剧降低。在整个发育过程中,大蒜叶片蔗糖:蔗糖1-果糖基转移酶基因(1-SST)和果聚糖外切水解酶基因(1-FEH)表达量存在显著差异,从幼苗期至鳞茎膨大初期,1-SST基因表达量显著高于1-FEH。1-SST的表达在全生育期表现为"升高-降低"的趋势,在抽薹期,1-SST的表达量达到峰值,比幼苗期提高了17.51倍;1-FEH在全生育期的表达量均较低,呈现起伏波动的趋势,在收获期表达量最高,是苗期的2.41倍。综合分析说明,大蒜叶片叶绿素和果聚糖的合成高峰主要在抽薹期,抽薹期是大蒜叶片生长发育和果聚糖代谢的关键时期,大蒜可通过叶绿素的合成以及1-SST和1-FEH的差异表达进一步影响鳞茎果聚糖的累积。 相似文献
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氮肥对杂交小麦果聚糖积累与转运及其杂种优势的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
氮肥影响作物的碳氮代谢及生长发育。选用6个杂交小麦及其7个亲本材料在施氮(200 kg /hm2)和不施氮(0 kg /hm2)条件下,比较研究了不同生育期不同器官果聚糖的积累与转运及其杂种优势。无论施氮与否茎鞘和总麦草中果聚糖的积累模式基本相似。茎鞘是贮存果聚糖的主要营养器官,分配了总麦草果聚糖积累量的63%~87%,并在开花期其积累量达最大值。总麦草转运的85%以上的果聚糖来源于茎鞘,其对籽粒产量的贡献率最大(9.42%~19.36%)。氮缺乏减少叶片中果聚糖的积累量,但增加茎鞘和总麦草中果聚糖的积累量。穗轴及颖壳、茎鞘和总麦草的果聚糖积累在挑旗期、抽穗期和开花期存在一定的杂种优势(4.7%~51.7%),叶片、茎鞘和总麦草的果聚糖转运量、转运率也具有较强的杂种优势,施氮增强叶片中果聚糖的转运优势,但减弱茎鞘和总麦草中的转运优势。结果说明,杂交品种比其亲本具有更强的果聚糖转运能力,施氮对茎鞘果聚糖的积累与转运及其杂种优势均有抑制作用。 相似文献
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Isabelle A. Kagan Brett H. Kirch Craig D. Thatcher James R. Strickland Chris D. Teutsch François Elvinger R. Scott Pleasant 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2011,31(8):488-497
Seasonal and diurnal changes in water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and ethanol-soluble carbohydrates (ESC), as well as in chromatographic profiles of the sugars comprising these categories, were studied in orchardgrass pastures at one location in the Piedmont region of Virginia. Grass from four experimental plots was sampled weekly in the morning and afternoon over an 8-week period (early to late spring). Tissue was air-dried to simulate hay, or frozen to preserve the sugar profiles of fresh pasture. WSC and ESC were assayed colorimetrically. To profile sugars, boiled-water extracts were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to pulsed amperometric detection. Fructan, glucose, fructose, and sucrose were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. All sugar concentrations were highest in the early spring in both fresh and dried tissue. Fructan chain length was highest in early spring as well. Significant diurnal differences were observed for WSC and fructan, on some dates (P < .0001 and P = .024, respectively), and for ESC, glucose, and sucrose averaged over the entire period (P = .0002, .004, and <.0001, respectively). Sucrose was barely detectable in fresh tissue but reached 1.6% to 12% dry matter in dried tissue. These results demonstrate changes in orchardgrass carbohydrates over a season, within a day, and between dried and fresh herbage. Understanding these changes may be helpful in the management of horses with a history of insulin resistance and laminitis. 相似文献
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The variation of the water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentration in foliage and stubble and winter hardiness among cocksfoot
(Dactylis glomerata L.) ecotypes originated from diverse countries were studied in the field in order to find a breeding material for the improvement
of WSC. The total WSC concentration of foliage was found to be highest in Japanese cultivars and lowest in ecotypes from northern
Europe in summer and autumn. The variation of fructan concentration in stubble among ecotypes was larger than the variation
of mono and disaccharide concentrations in stubble and that of total WSC concentration in foliage in both winters over which
this study was conducted. The total WSC and fructan concentrations in the stubble of ecotypes from Spain and southern Europe,
derived from the Mediterranean region, were highest in summer. Ecotypes from Japan showed the highest concentration of total
WSC in stubble, and were especially high in fructan concentration in autumn. Ecotypes from France, central Europe and central
Asia, like Japanese cultivars, also showed a high fructan concentration. The latitude of origin was negatively correlated
with WSC concentration and plant vigor in autumn. The altitude of origin was negatively correlated with plant vigor in autumn
and positively correlated with fructan concentration in stubble, winter hardiness and snow endurance. Typhula snow blight
resistance was related with the amount of the increase in fructan in the plants and with their growth habits in autumn. The
fructan concentration of foliage and stubble in autumn was found to be closely related with winter hardiness in cocksfoot
ecotypes. A breeding material which has a high WSC concentration in the foliage could not be found among the ecotypes in this
study. However, some ecotypes that showed disease resistance, good winter hardiness and plant vigor would be useful as breeding
materials for Hokkaido. 相似文献
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To evaluate the effect of genotype, year and location on 1000 kernel weight, falling number, alpha- and beta-amylase activity, pasting properties, β-glucan, fructan, total starch, amylose, resistant starch and dietary fibre contents of wholemeal flour, four einkorns and one control bread wheat were cropped in Italy for two years in four different locations. 相似文献