胡麻枯萎病病原尖孢镰刀菌生态生物型的划分研究

通过酯酶同工酶技术将来自中国主要胡麻产区内蒙古、山西、河北、甘肃的17个枯萎病菌株划分4个酯酶型，同时对部分菌株采用人工室内接种同一胡麻材料后的病情进行分析，考察菌株问的致病性。结果表明：同一地区的菌株属于同一酯酶型，同一地区的菌株间的致病性差异不显著，不同地区菌株问的致病性差异显著。     

甜瓜(Cucumis melo L.)种质资源的同工酶电泳分析

本试验用凝脉电泳法分析了44份甜瓜(Cucumis melo L.)材料功能叶的过氧化物酶(POD)、细胞色素氧化酶(Cyt)、儿茶酚酶(Cat)及酯酶(Est)同工酶和10个材料感病前后POD及Cat同工酶的变化。结果表明除Est外,不同材料的其他三种氧化酶均存在着明显的同工酶差异,其中POD同工酶的差异最大,Cyt次之,Cat相对较小。所分析的同工酶系均不能将薄皮甜瓜和厚皮甜瓜截然分开,这两类甜瓜在同工酶水平上亲缘关系很近。甜瓜植株感染病毒后其功能叶POD和Cat同工酶分子数量和种类明显增加。     

聚丙烯酰胺凝胶圆盘电泳分离奶牛血清碱性磷酸酶同功酶及鉴定组织来源

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶圆盘电泳分离黑白花奶牛血清AKP同功酶酶谱及鉴定其组织来源。健康牛血清有5条酶带,以其泳动速率分为快(SF)、慢-1、慢-2、慢-3和慢-4(SS-1～4)。所有血清中除有主带SF和SS-1外,尚有1～3条慢带。骨只有一条泳动速率与血清主带SS-1相同的带,被认为是SS-1的来源。肝有2条泳动较快的带(LF-1和LF-2)和一条慢带LS。其中LF-1为窄的黄带,血清无对应带;LF-2与血清主带SF相对应,为SF的来源;LS为一条与SS-1相对应的浅而宽的带,为血液污染所致。小肠有3条窄的快带(IF-1～3)和一条宽的慢带(IS),慢带与比它稍快的骨带有部分重合出现于部分血清中,而3条快带未在血清出现。各种组织的AKP有不同的热稳定性。总之,血清主带SF和SS-1分别来源于肝和骨,SS-2来源于小肠,SS-3和SS-4在所分析的组织中无相应酶带。本研究较详细地描述了一种被改进的电泳方法,使其易于应用。     

Karyotype analysis of interspecific fusants of basidiomycetes by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis

The purpose of this research was to analyze the karyotype of the interspecific fusants of twoPleurotus species. Auxotrophic mutants derived from the cultivated strain ofP. ostreatus andP. cornucopiae were used. Protoplasts were fused electrically, and the fusants were selected under auxotrophic complementation. Esterase isozyme analysis showed that several fusants had isozyme bands originating from both parental strains, and others had unilateral isozyme bands. The fusant that had expressed isozyme bands of both parental strains showed chromosomal DNA bands of both of the parental strains in pulsedfield gel electrophoresis analysis. Despite the above results, the chromosomal composition of the fusants obtained by the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis did not exhibit all of the bands of both fusion parents.     

Analysis of the electrophoretic karyotype ofFlammulina velutipes

The karyotype ofFlammulina velutipes (Curt.: Fr.) Sing. was analyzed electrophoretically using contourclamped homogeneous electric field gel electrophoresis and hybridization with DNA probes. The chromosomal DNA from the monokaryon (Fv-4K) and the dikaryon (Fv-4) were resolved into six and eight bands, respectively. The sizes of the chromosomes ranged from 1.9 to 6.0 megabase (Mb) pairs. Each of the separated bands of chromosomal DNA was identified by use of five cloned probes. The number of these chromosomes was estimated to be 6 and 12, respectively; and the size of the entire genome was estimated to be about 20.1 and 38.6Mb, respectively. From a comparison of the hybridization patterns, the existence of allelic chromosomes of different sizes was deduced in the Fv-4 strain.     

缺磷症和肝功障碍奶牛血清碱性磷酸酶同功酶的诊断价值

本文应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶圆盘电泳分析了81头健康、26头缺磷症、30头肝功障碍和17头缺磷症伴肝功障碍牛的血清AKP同功酶,并以热灭活试验鉴定其组织来源,探讨了该酶对奶牛缺磷症和肝功障碍的诊断价值。结果表明,健康和病牛血清中均有5条带,其中快带(SF)和慢-1(SS-1)存在于全部血清样中,其余3条慢带仅在部分血清中出现。具有诊断意义的SF和SS-1分别来源于肝脏和骨骼。健康牛的肝带和骨带均无弥散现象,两带间有明显间隔;缺磷症牛的骨带弥散并与肝带相连,形成一条宽而着色深的酶带;肝功障碍牛的肝带弥散,着色加深,但与骨带有间隙;缺磷症伴肝功障碍牛的肝带和骨带均有弥散,形成一条很宽而着色很深的酶带。上述酶谱变化可作为奶牛缺磷症和(或)肝功障碍的重要诊断指标。     

犬的咀嚼肌和选择的肢体肌的肌球蛋白电泳比较

将犬的肢体肌肉（臂三头肌的内头和长头、肘肌和腕桡伸肌）的肌球蛋白与咀嚼肌（颞肌和咬肌）的肌球蛋白在生物化学上进行比较，与肌体肌肉相比较，颞肌和咬肌有下列特点：独特的肌球蛋白构形，独特的轻链，独特的重链。     

等电点电泳证实日本野生大豆中的一个Kunitz型胰蛋白酶抑制剂新变异

电泳测定了日本２５个县２２４个野生大豆的种胰蛋白酶抑制剂（ＳＫＴＩ）变异性。利用等电点电泳证实一个新的ＳＫＴＩ变异体,它比典型Ｔｉａ,Ｔｉｂ和Ｔｉｃ类型具有较高的等电点。这个变异体收集于日本的三重县津市的一个群体。经过两年的种植和比较测定表明它具有遗传稳定性,证明是一个新的遗传变异体。     

玉米大斑病菌完整染色体DNA的制备方法

为建立一套全面的制备玉米大斑病菌完整染色体的制备体系,以玉米大斑病菌菌株F124为供试菌株,比较了冷冻液氮研磨法、直接包埋法、原生质体包埋法制备玉米大斑病菌完整染色体的效果。结果发现:使用直接包埋法不能从玉米大斑病菌中提取染色体;冷冻液氮研磨法得到的染色体是不完整的;原生质体法提取出了完整的染色体,是最适合制备完整染色体的方法。并且用原生质体法提取该菌株的染色体脉冲场电泳技术初步分离,首次得到了2条大于2200 kb的染色体条带。