农药酶免疫分析技术研究进展

自从酶免疫分析原理提出后，近30年来已获得了巨大的进步，成为农药分析的一个非常重要的方法。本文对农药酶免疫分析技术的原理和测定程序进行了评述．并总结了近年酶免疫分析在农药领域研究中的应用，最后，对农药酶免疫分析技术存在的问题和发展趋势作了讨论。     

湿地生态环境影响评价技术要点探讨

鉴于湿地资源开发的环境影响评价的重要性以及我国目前所处困境,探讨了湿地生态环境影响评价中的重点和难点问题,指出湿地生态环境影响评价应关注生态过程和湿地可获得的价值。环境影响的识别应包括水文功能、生物地球化学功能和生境功能等八个方面,影响因子的识别应考虑对湿地水质、湿地生境和湿地水文功能有影响的三类因子。湿地生态环境影响评价技术要点探讨对于湿地生态环境影响评价研究工作具有参考价值。     

农业生产基地项目环境影响评价要点分析及探讨

农业生产基地项目具有影响范围大、产品服务多元化等特点，涉及行业类别较多，其环境影响评价文件也相对复杂。环境影响评价报告编制单位应充分与建设方进行沟通，熟悉项目建设内容，挖掘项目可能的产生污染的环节和设施，明确环境影响范围和环境敏感点，并对项目损益进行两方面的分析。     

商洛水源地土地利用总体规划环境影响评价

结合区域实际引入生态服务价值系数和敏感性指数进行验证,根据商洛水源地规划基年和规划目标年的土地利用变化,采用生态系统服务价值法评估商洛水源地土地利用总体规划(2006—2020)实施后生态系统服务功能总价值变化及其产生的环境影响。结果表明:在规划期内,未利用地和建设用地的动态度较大,分别为-3.07%,1.00%,方案实施后主要土地类型是林地和耕地;2005—2020年生态系统服务总价值呈增长趋势,2020年比2005年增加了101 428万元,其中林地和园地生态系统服务价值分别增加了119 575,89万元,耕地、牧草地、未利用土地和建设用地分别减少了6 416,235,9 389,2 196万元;各种生态服务功能价值除食物生产减少外,其余均呈增加趋势;规划期间各土地利用类型的敏感性指数均1,说明引用的生态系统服务价值系数可行。商洛水源地土地利用总体规划(2006—2020)方案实施后会产生良好的生态效益,未利用土地和耕地向建设用地转化以及86.59%林地对区域社会经济环境影响值得探讨。     

浅谈提高房地产项目环评审批效率的措施

为提高苏州高新区房地产建设项目的环评审批效率,在此分析了房地产项目的建设特点及环评审批现状,并结合相关的法律法规依据,提出合理调整环评评价内容、降低环评评价等级、提高环评审批效率的意见和建议。     

Evaluation of diagnostic tests for Johne's disease in young cattle

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the development of immune responses in calves experimentally and naturally infected with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and to evaluate the potential for diagnostic tests to detect infected calves. DESIGN: Sequential testing of four treatment groups of calves over a 2 year period. PROCEDURE: Twenty-nine calves were allocated to four groups. Group D calves were orally dosed with M paratuberculosis, group N calves naturally exposed to M paratuberculosis, group V calves vaccinated for M paratuberculosis, and group C were control calves (not infected or vaccinated). Blood and faecal specimens were collected from each calf at monthly intervals to 18 months of age and then every 2 months until they were slaughtered between the ages of 21 and 29 months. Specimens were tested using absorbed EIA, IFN-gamma EIA and faecal culture. The infection status of the calves was confirmed by extensive histopathological examination and tissue culture. RESULTS: M paratuberculosis infection was confirmed in 10 calves, comprising six of eight orally dosed calves, three of five naturally exposed calves and one of nine vaccinated calves. The six artificially infected calves and one naturally infected calf were detected shedding M paratuberculosis in their faeces. Results with positive absorbed EIA were obtained from one artificially infected calf, one naturally infected calf and three vaccinated calves. All calves including controls had positive results on at least one occasion using the IFN-gamma EIA. In addition, seven calves had positive bovine tuberculosis results using the IFN-gamma EIA, even though bovine tuberculosis has been eradicated from Australia. CONCLUSION: Detection of M paratuberculosis infection in young cattle continues to be difficult using current tests.     

Aermod和ArcGIS在优化区域布局中的综合应用

Aermod是导则推荐的大气环境影响预测模式,在环境影响评价中得到了广泛应用,但其存在综合分析和空间呈现功能薄弱的问题。ArcGIS具有较强的空间叠置功能,可弥补Aermod的这一缺陷。将Aermod和ArcGIS综合应用于某工业区环境影响评价中,利用ArcGIS对Aermod大气模拟计算结果进行综合分析和空间叠加,最终将研究区域分为A、B、C 3类区,从大气环境的角度对这3类区域的规划布局提出了建议。最后,对Aermod和ArcGIS在优化区域布局中的应用进行了展望。     

充填采煤技术在解决煤矿中敏感环境问题的应用探讨

指出了充填采煤技术作为一项绿色环保采煤技术已经在国内煤矿中有较多应用,通过充填开采不仅能减缓采煤地表下沉对地面环境的破坏程度,同时可以消耗大量煤矸石、粉煤灰等固体废弃物,减少固体废弃物对土地资源的占用。近些年来,水源地、城镇村庄、土地资源和河流等重要敏感环境问题与煤矿建设的冲突日益突出,以矿区环境影响评价为例,对充填采煤技术在解决煤矿环境制约因素问题的应用进行了探讨。     

城市总体规划环境影响评价探讨

指出了城市总体规划环境影响评价属于战略环评,有利于协调区域经济发展与环境保护的矛盾,使产业发展、生产力布局与区域资源的环境容量和生态功能相一致,有助于解决难以在项目层次上解决的矛盾,能够较好地解决累积性和区域性的环境问题。探讨了城市总体规划环境影响评价的介入时间、评价原则、环境因素及评价内容。