In vitro growth of Gremmeniella abietina isolates (European race) at different temperatures

The mycelial growth of 24 isolates of types A and B of Gremmeniella abietina (Lagerb.) Morelet, collected in northern Finland and the Kola peninsula, Russia, was studied on malt agar plus pine needle extract at 18°C and 5°C. Great variation occurred within both types, and the results suggest that several isolates per stand are needed to represent one local isolate, if responses of G. abietina mycelia are studied on artificial media.     

Induction of flavonoid production by UV-B radiation in Passiflora quadrangularis callus cultures

Callus cultures from several species of Passiflora were initiated in vitro, and their capacity to produce four glycosyl flavonoids (orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin) was analysed. The aim of the present work was to examine the possible role of UV-B irradiation and elicitation with methyl jasmonate (MJ) on the production of these compounds in callus cultures. All the species tested (P. incarnata, P. quadrangularis, P. edulis) formed friable callus from leaf explants after 4 weeks on medium supplemented with kinetin and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Among them, P. quadrangularis turned out to have a faster growth rate and a more friable texture, and was therefore chosen for experiments with elicitors. In callus cultures only small amounts of isoorientin were found, while the concentration of the other flavonoids was below the detection limit. UV-B irradiation of calluses was able to increase the production of all four glycosyl flavonoids. After a 7-day exposure of cultures to UV-B light, the production of isoorientin reached concentrations similar to those found in fresh leaves from glasshouse-grown plants. Elicitation with methyl jasmonate also enhanced orientin, vitexin and isovitexin concentrations, even though the stimulation was about 6-fold weaker for orientin and vitexin and about 40-fold for isovitexin, than that exerted by UV-B treatment. Callus cultures treated with the UV-B dose which most enhanced flavonoid production showed a higher antioxidant activity compared to untreated calluses, with an increase ranging from 28% to 76%. Results show that the secondary metabolite biosynthetic capacity of Passiflora tissue cultures can be enhanced by appropriate forms of elicitation.     

传统文化和信仰与以德治国

中国的传统文化和信仰都是以伦理道德为核心的 ,因而成为历代德治的依据。在今天要想落实“以德治国”的方针 ,如果不能充分重视传统文化和信仰的有关价值 ,其成功的把握是有限的。     

甘草离体培养物中总黄酮提取工艺的优化

【研究目的】对甘草离体培养物中总黄酮提取和测定工艺进行优化,以建立在室内筛选高产细胞系和试管苗株系的方法;【方法】采用超声波提取技术,对提取液、浸泡时间、提取温度等进行优化;【结果】将样品以75%甲醇浸泡6h后在32℃下超声提取两次,比色法测定总黄酮含量,加样回收率为95.3%～101.4%,相对标准偏差为1.61%。测得甘草初代愈伤组织中总黄酮含量为0.0012%～0.05%,子叶愈伤组织调控后含量高达0.08%,试管苗中总黄酮含量为1.04%～1.31%,移栽后高达4.5%。【结论】此工艺准确度较高、稳定性好、简便可行,为优良细胞系的筛选和试管苗的早期鉴定奠定了技术基础。     

张栻、魏了翁的实学思想及对湘蜀文化的沟通

张栻、魏了翁具有丰富的实学思想 ,这主要表现在求实求理 ,重躬行践履 ,对欲、利的肯定 ,把义理与训诂相结合等方面。并且 ,张、魏了翁作为蜀籍学者 ,又长期在湖湘地区活动 ,沟通了湘蜀两地的文化 ,使湖湘文化和巴蜀文化取长补短 ,共同发展。他们丰富的实学与理学思想也由此得到了广泛的传播     

The molecular structure features-immune stimulatory activity of arabinoxylans derived from the pentosan faction of wheat flour

Recently, the immune stimulation properties of cereal arabinoxylans (AX) have been reported. The aims of this study were to identify the molecular features and potential immune stimulation activities of AX and enzymatic modified arabinoxylan (AXE) from the pentosan fraction of wheat flour.The results of molecular characterization of AX and AXE show that AXE contains a larger portion (85.7%) of low Mw arabinoxylans (≤25 kDa) and has a higher degree of branch substitution (0.81 ± 0.01) compared to AX (49.5% and 0.62 ± 0.02). In in vitro testing, the ability of AX and AXE to stimulate immune cells, as measured by NO₂⁻ production by U937 cells and IL-8 secretion by Caco-2 cells were found to be dose–dependent in the range tested (100–5000 μg/mL p ≤ 0.05). AXE showed a greater activity at each concentration (100–5000 μg/mML) than AX (p ≤ 0.05).In conclusion, the greater immune stimulating activity of AXE may be associated with its low Mw (≤25 kDa) and a higher degree of branch substitution (0.81 ± 0.01).     

我国少数民族的森林文化

阐述了在我国少数民族中普遍的森林生态伦理观与民族宗教中的森林生态观,系统总结了少数民族独特的植物文化、林地经营技术文化与森林文化艺术,对当前构建森林可持续经营理论体系具有借鉴意义.     

甘草离体培养物中总黄酮提取工艺的优化

【研究目的】对甘草离体培养物中总黄酮提取和测定工艺进行优化,以建立在室内筛选高产细胞系和试管苗株系的方法;【方法】采用超声波提取技术,对提取液、浸泡时间、提取温度等进行优化;【结果】将样品以75%甲醇浸泡6h后在32℃下超声提取两次,比色法测定总黄酮含量,加样回收率为95.3%～101.4%,相对标准偏差为1.61%。测得甘草初代愈伤组织中总黄酮含量为0.0012%～0.05%,子叶愈伤组织调控后含量高达0.08%,试管苗中总黄酮含量为1.04%～1.31%,移栽后高达4.5%。【结论】此工艺准确度较高、稳定性好、简便可行,为优良细胞系的筛选和试管苗的早期鉴定奠定了技术基础。     

不同培养阶段的组培平贝母中碳水化合物代谢的研究

[目的]进一步深入研究贝母器官发生机理,为今后分子水平上的研究提供参考。[方法]以平贝母为供试材料,以培养体的可溶性总糖含量、还原糖含量和淀粉含量为指标,研究了组培平贝母培养过程中培养体不同发育时期的碳水化合物代谢。[结果]培养体内可溶性总糖和还原糖含量按照组培平贝母培养体不同发育时期呈先降低后升高的趋势,到小鳞茎膨大时（小鳞茎-2）,可溶性糖和还原糖的含量均达到最高,分别为53.41和9.23mg/g。不同阶段培养体内淀粉含量整体呈上升-下降-上升的趋势,在愈伤组织时期淀粉含量最低为42.32mg/g,而小鳞茎膨大时（小鳞茎-2）达到最高值为84.06mg/g。[结论]探明了碳水化合物代谢机制,为贝母器官发生机理提供理论依据。