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1.
Madhu Aneja Thomas J. Gianfagna Prakash K. Hebbar 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2005,67(6):1647
An isolate of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai from an infected cacao pod produces and secretes nonanoic (pelargonic) acid into a liquid culture medium. Nonanoic acid (NA) was very inhibitory to spore germination and mycelial growth of two cacao pathogens, Crinipellis perniciosa Stahel and Moniliophthora roreri Cif. H.C. Evans. It was highly active causing 75% inhibition of spore germination in an in vitro assay at a rate as low as 0.09 μM for M. roreri and 0.92 μM for C. perniciosa. Mycelial growth was comparatively less sensitive to inhibition, but still there was a 75% reduction in growth with 0.62 μM in M. roreri and 151 μM NA in C. perniciosa. In contrast, NA did not affect Trichoderma mycelial growth or spore germination at concentrations that were inhibitory to the pathogens. 6-pentyl-α-pyrone was also produced and secreted into the medium by T. harzianum, however; it was not antagonistic to the cacao pathogens. Although a number of metabolites produced by Trichoderma spp. have been identified in the past, this is the first report of NA production and secretion by any Trichoderma. The results suggest that NA may play a role in the successful use of some Trichoderma spp. isolates in the biocontrol of fungal diseases of plants. 相似文献
2.
M. C. C. de Arruda † R. N. G. Miller M. A. S. V. Ferreira M. S. S. Felipe 《Plant pathology》2003,52(2):236-244
Fifty isolates of Crinipellis perniciosa originating from Theobroma cacao , Heteropterys acutifolia and Solanum lycocarpum , from six states within Brazil, were characterized through ERIC-PCR, representing the first application of this method for molecular characterization within C. perniciosa . Phenetic analysis of banding patterns revealed a separation of isolates on the basis of host of origin, with T. cacao -derived isolates showing only a 0·2 similarity level to a cluster comprising the isolates from H. acutifolia and S. lycocarpum . Considerable intraspecific variability was observed within C. perniciosa isolates from T. cacao , with distinct groups observed correlating with geographical origin. Given that a number of isolates from T. cacao from the Amazon region grouped with isolates from Bahia state, this work discusses the possibility that current C. perniciosa populations pathogenic on T. cacao in Bahia originated from the Amazon region, rather than from alternative host plants. 相似文献
3.
Morphological, cytological and molecular evidence is presented which confirms that the frosty pod rot pathogen of cocoa, formerly classified as the mitosporic fungus Moniliophthora roreri (Deuteromycota), belongs to the hymenomycetous genus Crinipellis (Basidiomycota) and that two varieties should now be recognized: Crinipellis roreri var. roreri and the new variety C. roreri var. gileri . The latter was collected on Theobroma gileri , an endemic tree of submontane forests in north-west Ecuador, and can be distinguished from Ecuadorian and Peruvian isolates from cocoa ( T. cacao ) on the basis of spore morphology, incompatibility and nucleotide sequence data. As with var. roreri , meiosis is shown to occur within the dispersive and infective spore stage of var. gileri and these meiospores are interpreted to represent a much modified probasidium. In addition, in a field inoculation experiment, an isolate from T. gileri proved to be noninfective to cocoa pods when compared with positive control strains isolated from T. cacao in western Ecuador and T. bicolor in eastern Ecuador. It is concluded that var. gileri is the vestigial progenitor of the frosty pod rot pathogen of cocoa, with a host range and distribution restricted to T. gileri in the mesic forests of north-west South America. 相似文献
4.
蘑菇褐腐病菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发适宜温度为24~25℃,低至10℃,高达35℃,孢子停止萌发,在35℃和40℃恒温中,分别经5天和1天,菌丝均失去生活力;高湿有利于菌丝生长和孢子萌发,100%相对湿度下分生孢子萌发率最高;菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发最适宜pH值分别为6和6.4,幼嫩蘑菇煮出液最能刺激孢子萌发,该病菌在菇床初侵染源是覆盖了带有病菌的覆盖土,在夏季对覆盖土壤进行日光曝晒4~5天,覆土前7天,用36%~38%化学纯甲醛3.5kg,兑水20~30kg,喷洒于种植111m~2蘑菇的覆盖土中熏蒸48h以上,防病效果均理想;发病后及时挖除病菇,能防止病菌再侵染,减轻褐腐病的为害。 相似文献
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为了对双孢蘑菇褐腐病的科学生态防控提供理论依据,测定了4株形态差异较大的有害疣孢霉菌(GS 0036,HN 0015,SD 007,WH 001)在常见蘑菇煎汁培养基、不同光质条件和不同浓度盐溶液条件下的菌丝生长速度、厚垣孢子产生量、分生孢子萌发情况和耐盐性。结果表明:除灵芝煎汁外,6种常见蘑菇煎汁培养基对供试菌株厚垣孢子的产生均优于PDA培养基;不同光质对有害疣孢霉菌影响不同,SD007菌株在红光下菌丝生长速度最快,其他3种菌株均在黑/白交替光质下菌丝生长最快,短波光(蓝光)能抑制有害疣孢霉菌丝的生长及厚垣孢子的产生;4株有害疣孢霉的菌丝生长量和厚垣孢子产生量随着NaCl浓度的升高均明显下降,NaCl溶液对HN 0015抑制效果最明显,当NaCl浓度在24g/L时所有有害疣孢霉菌菌株的分生孢子几乎不萌发。 相似文献
6.
毁灭泰泽球虫的大配子是在含有泡内小管的带虫空泡中发育。成囊颗粒Ⅰ在大配子的细胞基质中发育,而成囊颗粒Ⅰ则形成于内质网之嵴内。少数多膜小体见于年轻大配子的细胞质浅层。成熟大配子含有大量的多糖颗粒、少数电子半透明小泡、内质网、线粒体和小管。合子外层膜的膨胀和分离标志着卵囊壁形成的开始。成囊颗粒Ⅰ的物质通过分子渗透过程在合子表面沉积,形成外层。当外层从合子表面分离之后,成囊颗粒Ⅱ的内容物在合子限制膜下累积成层。内层的形成可能是要通过多层物质的分泌与融合的连续过程。粗面内质网在成囊颗粒Ⅱ物质的转运,以及新膜的分离和形成中均起着重要的作用。成熟的卵囊壁由三层组成,分别称为外周膜、外层和内层。 相似文献
7.
Diseases caused by Moniliophthora roreri (moniliasis), Crinipellis perniciosa (witches’ broom) and Phytophthora palmivora (black pod) are the most important factors limiting cocoa production in Peru and cultural management is considered to be the only practical means of control for the smallholder. The objective of this study was to develop an epidemiologically and economically sound control recommendation based on the frequency of phytosanitary pod removal. Weekly removal of diseased pods reduced the incidence of diseases significantly in comparison with fortnightly removal. In three fields, moniliasis was decreased by 26–41%, black pod by 35–66% and witches’ broom on pods by 14–57%. The cumulative effect was a consistent yield increase from an average of 504–660 kg ha−1 yr−1. Returns compensated for increased labour costs. Weekly pod removal was 32% more profitable. Time-course analyses indicated that weekly removal should be practised throughout the year under field conditions of eastern Peru. 相似文献
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9.
W. T. H. Peregrine 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(3):318-319
Abstract A field trial was conducted during the cotton growing seasons of 1978-79 and 1979-80 at Hissar, Haryana (India) to determine the capture threshold of male pink bollworm moths in traps baited with gossyplure for timing the insecticidal application. It was found that application of insecticides when the number of male moths averaged 4 or 8 per trap per night was superior to fixed spray schedule (spraying at an interval of 13-14 days starting from middle of August) in reducing the pink bollworm incidence and obtaining higher yield of seed cotton. For effective and economic control of the pest, insecticides should be applied within 24-48 hours when the number of male moths captured in gossyplure baited traps reaches 8 per trap per night. 相似文献
10.
纳他霉素对蘑菇疣孢霉病的防治效果试验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在实验室PDA试验中,纳他霉素3.0mg/L浓度即可抑制蘑菇疣孢霉孢子萌发,9.0mg/L浓度可以完全抑制其接种块萌发,具有较好的防治效果;而在栽培防治试验中,纳他霉素所有试验浓度(最高100mg/L)对蘑菇疣孢霉病均无防治效果。 相似文献