欧洲榛子苗木的生长规律

以16个欧榛品种为试材,用L og istic M odel、G om pertz M odel、R ichards M odel等数学模型对欧榛不同品种嫁接苗、插条苗、实生苗的年生长规律进行了模拟,利用CurveExpert等软件进行分析。结果发现3类苗木的各个指标的生长变化均呈现“慢-快-慢”的规律,生长曲线基本呈“S”形。     

华榛、羽叶丁香种子形态构造特点的研究

对两种珍稀濒危植物华榛（Ｃｏｒｙｉｕｓ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｆｒａｎｃｈ）和忌叶丁香（Ｓｙｒｉｎｇａ ｐｉｎｎａｔｉｆｉａ Ｈｅｍｅｌ）种子的形态结构进行了研究;就其种子的形态结构特点与植物濒危的关系进行了初步探讨。     

IBA处理对杂交榛根蘖育苗生根指标及相关氧化酶活性的影响

以"龙榛1号"当年萌生条为试材,研究了不同IBA浓度处理(500、750、1 000、1 250mg·L^-1)对平欧杂交榛根蘖育苗生根的影响,分析了根蘖育苗生根过程中过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的变化,并对外源激素处理与相关氧化酶活性与生根的关系进行了相关性分析,以期探讨其生根机理。结果表明:IBA浓度处理能显著地提高生根率,以1 000mg·L^-1的生根效果最佳,生根率和不定根质量均显著高于其它处理。生根过程中,POD和PPO活性呈先上升后下降趋势,POD活性在育苗后20d出现峰值;PPO活性在40d时达到峰值。生根率与POD、PPO活性呈极显著正相关。说明适宜浓度IBA能增加生根过程POD、PPO活性,从而提高生根率。     

“龙榛1号”杂交榛根蘖育苗生根过程中营养物质的变化

以“龙榛1号”杂交榛根蘖为试材,利用(500、750、1 000、1 250mg·L^-1)IBA、ABT和GGR处理根蘖基部,研究了激素及浓度处理对根蘖育苗生根的影响,以期探讨生根过程中营养物质含量的动态变化。结果表明:不同激素处理中以1 000mg·L^-1 IBA处理的生根效果最好,生根率平均87.92%,一级侧根数量、长度和粗度显著地高于其它处理和对照。在生根过程中,IBA处理的根蘖基部可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量呈“下降-上升-下降”的趋势,在不定根形成期达到峰值;而全氮含量变化为先上升后下降,含量整体低于对照;C/N比值的变化呈先下降后上升趋势。IBA处理枝条可促进可溶性糖的积累,降低全氮含量,提高C/N比值,有利于诱导根原基和不定根的形成。     

利用欧榛SSR标记分析榛属亲缘关系的研究

利用54对欧榛SSR引物,对榛属12个种、平欧杂交榛及平平欧杂交榛共64份榛属资源进行了遗传多样性及亲缘关系分析。结果表明,欧榛遗传变异丰富,64份榛属资源18对SSR引物在欧榛10个样本中共检测到95个等位基因,每个位点的等位基因数2～10个,观测杂合度值(Ho)和期望杂合度值(He)的变化范围分别为0.214～0.816和0.348～0.800。聚类分析结果显示,64份榛属种质可划分为6组,平榛与欧榛亲缘关系最近。由此可知,欧榛SSR标记是榛属植物资源遗传分析的有力工具,为平榛资源的遗传改良在分子水平上提供了理论依据和基础。     

榛属植物多酚提取方法的研究

植物多酚具有极强的抗氧化、抑菌、抗炎、防辐射、降血压等生理活性.为有效开发利用东北野生榛属资源,以东北野生平榛、毛榛为试验材料,以榛叶为提取对象,采用溶剂萃取法超声波辅助处理的提取方法,对2种榛属多酚进行提取分离,以确定榛属多酚提取分离最优方法.通过单因素试验及正交试验获得的最佳提取条件为:80％乙醇作为提取剂,料液比为1∶14 g/ml,75℃,浸提3h,浸提2次,超声波辅助40 min.在此条件下榛叶总多酚得率为2.565 6％.取材上,平榛与毛榛间差异不显著,但取材时间上差异显著,8月取材总多酚得率最高.     

平欧杂种榛主栽品种需冷量、需热量研究

[目的]揭示平欧杂种榛主栽品种的需冷量和需热量,更好地指导生产做好区域化栽培。[方法]本研究以16个平欧杂种榛主栽品种的1年生枝条为试材,以野生平榛1年生枝条为对照,通过水培观察的方法,首次对平欧杂种榛的雌、雄花序和叶芽进行需冷量和需热量研究。[结果]表明:平欧杂种榛不同器官的需冷量由低到高依次为雄花序336 1 176 h、雌花序504 1 344 h、叶芽672 1 512 h;需热量由低到高依次为雄花序687.0 998.5GDH℃、雌花序998.5 3 496.1 GDH℃、叶芽2 546.5 4 180.3 GDH℃;不同品种、器官在刚满足最低蓄冷要求时需热量最高,随着蓄冷时间的延长,需热量逐渐减少。[结论]首次报道了平欧杂种榛主栽品种雄、雌花序和叶芽的需冷量和需热量数据,其中,达维、平欧48号等品种花器官需冷量较低,辽榛2号、平欧545号等品种花器官需冷量较高;玉坠、平欧69号等品种花器官需热量较低,辽榛1号、辽榛4号等品种花器官需热量较高,上述研究丰富了榛属植物开花和休眠解除方面的数据,可为平欧杂种榛的引种和栽培提供参考。     

野生毛榛改接大果锥栗改接技术

通过无性繁殖技术对野生毛榛改接大果锥栗,可使改接后的锥栗果实大、丰产、稳产,可显著提高锥栗的经济效益。该文从选择品种、嫁接方法、病虫害防治等方面总结了野生毛榛改接大果锥栗的丰产技术。     

Inheritance of contorted growth in hazelnut

Summary The contorted hazelnut, Corylus avellana L. f. contorta (Bean) Rehder, is an ornamental tree prized for its twisted trunk and branches. Crosses of normal growth habit cultivars and Contorta, as it is commonly called, produced all normal growth habit seedlings. Sib matings of these normal seedlings of Contorta produced offspring in the ratio of 3 normal: 1 contorted, while backcrosses to Contorta segregated 1 normal: 1 contorted. These segregation ratios indicate control of contorted growth by a single recessive gene for which we propose the name twisted and the symbol tw. Progenies segregating simultaneously for growth habit and leaf anthocyanin indicated that the two loci are independent.     

Partial self-compatibility in ‘Tombul’ and ‘Montebello’ hazelnuts

Summary Self-pollination of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cultivars in 1988 and 1990 revealed the existence of partial self-compatibility in Tombul and Montebello. Percent cluster set in these cultivars averaged 44 and 20%, respectively, but was less than 10% in 8 other cultivars investigated. Percent cluster set from pollination with Segorbe averaged 62 and 41% in 1988 and 1990, respectively. Self-pollination produced 40% fewer nuts per cluster and twice as many blanks as cross-pollination. All cultivars and selections have an active sporophytic incompatibility system.Evaluation of self-compatibility in seedlings from the cross Montebello × Compton revealed that the partial self-compatibility of the maternal parent was transmitted to some of the progeny. Self-pollination resulted in greater than 10% cluster set in two selections, OSU 41.134 and OSU 43.025, in both years, but only in 1988 in OSU 42.089 and Willamette. Three other selections had very low set in both years. Results of incompatible crosses with standard testers were generally in agreement with those of self-pollination, except that the S₂ tester induced greater set on 3 genotypes in 1988 and the S1 tester on 2 genotypes in 1990 than self-pollination. The partial self-compatibility of Montebello, OSU 41.134, and OSU 43.025 appears to be due to a failure of their stigmas to prohibit pollen tube growth in incompatible crosses. There is no evidence of a pollen-part mutation in Montebello, nor is there evidence that partial self-compatibility is due to the interaction of S-alleles, as Barcelona, which has the same alleles as these three genotypes, failed to set nuts in all incompatible crosses.