水分亏缺下作物的补偿效应研究进展

针对半干旱区水分亏缺的实际田间环境,从渗透调节、光合作用、内源激素等方面探讨了水分亏缺下作物补偿效应的可能机制以及外界影响因素。同时,就补偿效应的普遍性对作物的抗旱生理以及遗传育种研究等问题提出了若干建议。     

森林生态效益经济补偿综合评估(英文)

长期以来人们忽视了森林产品的非市场价值,从经济角度上来看, 这将导致保护森林资源的难度加大。本文在以前研究的基础之上,综合了恩格尔系数和逻辑斯谛曲线构造了补偿系数,计算了长白山地区森林生态效益的经济补偿值。结果表明,1999 年应支付的总补偿值为637.93 元/公顷,其中70%将直接支付给当地居民和其它相关利益者。这一数值远远高于现有的补偿值。从当前的形势看,中央政府不可能承担所有的森林保护费用和支付所有的保护森林的开支。本文提出可以利用当地政府的财政投资以及将补偿费用纳入到现行财政体系中解决方法。图1 表2参17。     

环境再生产与森林生态效益补偿

1　立论的着力点林业发展过程中 ,生态与经济的矛盾、森林利用与环境保护之间的矛盾、国家利益与森林经营者个人利益之间的矛盾、生态系统恢复和森林可持续经营过程中巨大的资金需求与供给严重不足的矛盾随处可见 ,上述矛盾相互交织已经严重影响到林业产业的健康发展 ,影响到森林资源的有效保护和生态环境的维持与改善。因此 ,综合采取技术、经济、管理、法律等手段从根本上解决生态环境保护和建设中所带来的矛盾和困难已经刻不容缓。其中建立森林生态效益补偿制度 ,理顺和协调森林所有者、经营者与受益者的利益关系 ,为林业发展提供稳定的…     

江苏省生态公益林补偿制度现状及发展对策

自2002年开始,江苏省对生态公益林实行了政府补偿,并做出了很多有益的探索,但同时也存在着补偿标准偏低、补偿标准过于统一、补偿方式单一等不足。分析了江苏省生态公益林补偿制度现状,并针对当前主要问题,提出了创新补偿机制、与市场结合实施多渠道多元化补偿方式、分类别分等级补偿以及不断完善公益林补偿制度等对策和建议。     

跨界饮用水源地生态补偿标准定量研究——以平顶山市澧河跨界饮用水源地为例

跨界饮用水源地涉及保护者和受益者两种主体利益,要长期持续地确保饮用水安全,迫切需要引入生态补偿机制作为调节跨界饮用水源地上下游主体利益的经济政策。由于当前河南省生态补偿机制的主要手段是资金补偿,因此补偿标准的确定便成为生态补偿研究的核心内容。作者从核算上游饮用水源地成本投入和生态效益的差额入手,依据水源地水量确定跨界饮用水源地生态补偿标准。以平顶山市澧河跨界饮用水源地为例,平顶山市保护澧河境内饮用水源地的年均投入为2016．77万元,通过生态建设和生态修复而获得的年均生态经济效益为1292．36万元,根据投入成本和生态效益的差额最终确定澧河跨界饮用水源地生态补偿标准为下游取水需要对上游平顸山市补偿0．13元／m3。以上游生态建设成本投入和获得生态效益的差额作为确定跨界饮用水源地生态补偿标准的方法,不仅能够比较准确地测算上游地区的净投入,相对客观、公平地确定补偿金额,同时也能够有效建立上下游行政区的双向激励约束机制。     

西部水电开发中移民补偿政策初探

在对典型水电移民的生产、生活、发展等方面进行调查分析中发现,在现行补偿政策下,移民群体中普遍存在发展无动力,创业无资金,务工无技术,生活无保障的"四无现象",严重阻碍了移民在新环境下扎根、发展、致富的进程.鉴于此,在分析现行补偿政策的基础上,结合移民对补偿政策的期望,提出解决"四无"问题的思路.     

Caudal vena cava point-of-care ultrasound in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease without clinically important right heart disease

ObjectivesCaudal vena cava (CVC) diameter and collapsibility index (CVC_D and CVC_CI) have been used to assess intravascular volume status (IVS). Maladaptations with progressive degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) lead to hypervolemia. We hypothesised that stages of DMVD will affect ultrasonographic CVC variables in dogs without clinically important right heart disease.Animals, materials and methodsThis retrospective study included 79 dogs with DMVD presented to the cardiology department between January 2017 and 2019. Subxiphoid views were used to obtain CVC cineloops. By visual inspection, CVC was subjectively scored as flat, normal or fat. Maximal and minimal CVC_D were measured and indexed to aortic diameter (CVC_D-max/Ao and CVC_D-min/Ao); CVC_CI was calculated as (CVC_D-max-CVC_D-min)/CVC_D-max. Fisher's exact and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to compare CVC variables.ResultsSubjective assessment was associated with American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) stages (P < 0.001). The proportion of fat CVC was greater in stages C and D. In stage D, CVC_D-max/Ao was larger compared with stages B1, B2 and C (P = 0.002, P = 0.002 and P = 0.035, respectively). In stages C and D, CVC_D-min/Ao was larger compared with B1 (P = 0.016 and P = 0.001) and B2 (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001. In stages C and D, CVC_CI was less than stage B1 (P = 0.016 and P = 0.044) and B2 (P = 0.001 and P = 0.010).ConclusionsIn dogs with DMVD without clinically important right heart disease, CVC variables differ across ACVIM stage. Subjective and objective CVC variables may be used to predict hypervolemia.     

Measuring the productivity and physical workload of brushcutters within the context of a production-based pay system

Forestry occupations are known to be physically demanding, and workers are often paid on a piece rate basis. This pay system is largely used in silvicultural treatments such as plantation and vegetation management. An ill adjusted piece rate system may induce workforce recruitment difficulties or increase accident rates and work related illnesses. A study combining work measurement, ergonomics and economics was undertaken to better understand the factors influencing a worker's workload. Mathematical relations between site factors, worker's production and heart rate variation during work have been examined based on time and motion studies of 38 brushsaw operators performing regeneration release (cleaning) in northern forests. Results show that a piece rate pay system that considers only the area treated without taking into account site factors may lead workers to behave in ways that may compromise their health and safety. The use of a pay system that integrates the influence of site factors on work performance is therefore suggested.     

关于征占用林地经济补偿办法合理性的探讨

本文以征用占用林地为例,列举出补偿应包括的主要内容,林地补偿与区域区位、补偿基数、补偿倍数等几个关键因素之间的关系等,提出了增加林地补偿合理性的一些思路。     

制度背景、在职消费与企业绩效——来自证券市场的经验证据

以2008～2013年沪市A股制造业为样本,通过将在职消费划分成正常、超额两部分,研究发现：以薪酬管制、冗员负担为代表的制度背景与上市公司高管超额在职消费显著正相关。并且,高管超额在职消费会显著损害企业绩效,而正常在职消费则能显著提升公司业绩,证明调和在职消费两种理论的关键在于一个合理的“度”。进一步研究发现,当前约束中国上市公司高管攫取超额在职消费的力量主要来自公司内部治理以及外在政治因素,市场化程度的提高并未能产生明显的作用。