Hypocholesterolemic effect of blue-green alga,ishikurage (Nostoc commune) in rats fed atherogenic diet

Nutritional quality of the castor meal protein isolate detoxified using boiling and lime cum heat treatments was evaluated in experiments with rats. Chemical scores of both the treated isolates were similar, threonine being the first limiting amino acid. The calculated nutritional indices (essential amino acid index) and PER were higher for the boiled isolate (1.3) than that was for lime-cum-heat treated (0.86). Though, necropsy examination of organs did not reveal any abnormalities, histopathological changes were observed in the organs — liver, kidney, intestine that could be attributed to the deficiency of essential amino acids in the detoxified castor protein isolates.     

蓖麻种子含油量与主要数量性状的相关及通径分析

以19个蓖麻品种为材料,对蓖麻种子含油量与主要数量性状进行相关及通径分析.结果表明:含油量除与生育期呈显著负相关外,与其它主要农艺性状间相关均不显著,而与籽粒自身的性状之间有着显著的相关,其中容重对籽粒含油量的直接通径系数最大,应在亲本选配和后代选择过程中作为一个主要因素考虑.在提高产量的同时注重选择籽粒容重大、籽粒短、生育期适中的类型对提高含油量有积极的作用.     

Restoring wetland biodiversity using research: Whole‐community facilitation by beaver as framework

• 1. Wetlands are declining worldwide, and there is a great need for their restoration and creation. One natural agent of wetland engineering is beavers, Castor spp., which have returned or are returning to many parts of their former range.
• 2. We initially studied the facilitative effect of the beaver Castor canadensis on a waterbird community consisting of three waders and four ducks in boreal wetlands in southern Finland. Both waterbird species diversity and abundance increased when beavers impounded a pond. Common teal Anas crecca and green sandpiper Tringa ochropus were the species showing the most positive numerical response, but the other five species also increased upon flooding.
• 3. This article evaluates how the results of the study have been used in management, both in theory and practice. The whole‐community facilitation concept has been taken up in numerous articles considering the restorative effects of beavers. It has also been used as ecological background when planning and executing man‐made wetland projects in Finland within both the public and the private sectors.
• 4. Our study and its publication in Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems have set a foundation for further evidence‐based management of waterbird communities. As the results show, having beavers as wetland managers is a feasible tool for creating and restoring wetlands for waterbirds and other biota. Moreover, wetland restoration projects are becoming more popular endeavours, owing to an understanding of the diverse benefits of wetlands. Flooding by beavers is used as a model for managers when creating man‐made wetlands; for example, in urban areas where it is difficult to maintain beavers.

     

蓖麻花芽分化和物候期的模拟研究?

以通蓖9号、通蓖6号、通蓖5号和中东为试验材料,利用作物生理发育时间恒定的原理,系统构建了蓖麻花芽分化和物候期的机理模型。模型用Bate函数来计算相对热效应,用高斯函数来计算光周期效应,引入温度敏感性、光周期敏感性、品种早熟性和灌浆因子4个参数。运用不同地点和年份试验数据对模型进行检验,结果表明：不同品种蓖麻生长锥伸长膨大期、花梗原基分化期、小花原基分化期、花粉粒和子房形成期、花粉粒充实完成期等花芽分化阶段和出苗期、开花期、结果期和成熟期等物候期的绝对模拟误差大多都在0～5d,根均方差不超过3d。     

蓖麻3种类型花序发育过程的显微学比较研究

试验以Lm型蓖麻—矮秆Lm型雌性系的两用系aLmAB2为研究对象,在显微学水平上研究其后代两性、单雌、标雌系3种类型花序分化过程中的差异,确定植株由营养生长到生殖生长转变的关键时期,以期为东北生态型蓖麻的栽培育种研究提供参考依据。试验结果表明：aLmAB2蓖麻的3种花序类型花芽分化的转变期在5~6片真叶期;花序为圆锥花序,花序上的小花排列紧密程度为两性系〉单雌系〉标雌系,锥底直径大小排序为两性系〉单雌系〉标雌系,不完全花;在7片真叶期时开始出现柳叶状功能叶。     

云南红壤上蓖麻栽培的施肥技术研究

 以云南北亚热带气候下的红壤旱地为试验条件,选用蓖麻品种TCO-202为试验材料,依据蓖麻的营养特性和吸肥规律,结合云南红壤氮、磷、钾的含量与利用效率,制定适合云南红壤上蓖麻栽培的施肥技术研究方案。运用普通过磷酸钙（750 kg/hm²）和腐熟农家肥（15 000 kg/hm²）做基肥,以不施任何基肥为对照,并以尿素的3种施肥水平（300 kg/hm²,450 kg/hm²,600 kg/hm²）做追肥处理,对当年生和第2年宿生蓖麻的产量作综合分析。试验结果表明:TCO-202在云南红壤上栽培,以 15 000 kg/hm²有机肥作底肥,450 kg/hm²尿素作追肥的产量最好,当年生和宿生都获得最高的种子产量,当年生蓖麻产量为 2 403.35 kg/hm²,第2年宿生蓖麻产量为 4 550.02 kg/hm²。     

法国蓖麻熟期与穗部经济性状的通径分析

对 12份法国蓖麻品种的出苗期、现蕾期、开花期、成熟期、收获期和有效穗数、穗粒数、百粒重及小区产量 8个性状的相关及通径关系进行分析研究。结果表明 :①法国蓖麻品种的播种至出苗期与开花至成熟期呈正相关 (r=0 .12 78) ,现蕾至开花期对开花至成熟期的间接作用P3→ 2→y =0 .6 986比其直接作用P3→y =- 0 .6 5 2 8明显。②现蕾至开花期对单株有效穗、单株穗粒数呈极显著正相关 (r=0 .2 76 8、r =0 .2 2 4 5 ) ,现蕾至开花期对单株有效穗、单株穗粒数的间接作用 (P3→ 2→y =3 92 75、P3→ 2→y =3 5 4 4 3)比其直接作用 (P3→y =- 2 4 437、P3→y =- 2 2 6 0 2 )明显。③出苗至现蕾期与百粒重呈正相关 (r=0 .346 7、P2→y =5 0 32 9)。④现蕾至开花期与小区产量呈极显著正相关 (r=0 .1488) ,现蕾至开花期对小区产量的间接作用 (P3→ 2→y =1 4 40 9)比其直接作用 (P3→y =- 0 .74 5 4 )明显。⑤单株有效穗、单株穗粒数、百粒重对小区产量具有真实的通径关系。     

蓖麻DNA的提取方法综述

介于蓖麻叶片富合多糖、多酚等大分子物质,DNA的提取比较困难,文中总结性介绍了近年来提取蓖麻基因组DNA的几种主要方法：CTAB法、SDS法、磁性微球法、试剂盒法和酚一氯仿法等,并叙述了对现有的方法进行优化改进所取得的良好效果,为蓖麻的分子生物学研究提供参考。     

蓖麻GST的基因克隆及生物信息学分析

谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(glutathione S-transferase,GST)是谷胱甘肽结合反应的关键酶,催化谷胱甘肽结合反应的起始步骤,主要存在于胞液中,有多种形式,其在病理学上有一定的重要性。本研究通过克隆GST基因以及对其进行相关的生物信息学分析。利用聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)技术扩增该基因,经分析该基因可编码219个氨基酸,并且通过相关分析得到这219个氨基酸组成的蛋白为稳定的亲水性蛋白,有一个明显的区段存在信号肽,在该蛋白中α-螺旋和无规则卷曲是主要的二级结构方式,根据序列同源比对,蓖麻、麻疯树和榴莲聚类到一起,说明相对于其他物种,它们的同源性较高。这些分析结果为蓖麻谷胱甘肽S-转移酶生物合成及其功能的进一步研究提供一定的理论与实践依据。     

密度和施氮量对沿海滩涂中度盐碱地蓖麻产量和氮素吸收的影响

以淄蓖5号和云蓖泰国202为材料,研究沿海中度盐碱地不同种植密度和施氮量对蓖麻产量和氮素吸收利用的影响.结果表明,淄蓖5号在种植密度13000株·hm-2、施氮量120kg·hm-2条件下获得的产量最高,云蓖泰国202的适宜密度为16 000株·hm-2、施氮量为120kg· hm-2.两个品种苗期对氮的吸收速率均缓慢,吸收量较低,蕾期吸收速率和吸收量逐渐增加,开花期达到高峰.高产条件下,每生产l00kg的蓖麻籽淄蓖5号需氮9.93～l0.33kg,云蓖泰国202需氮8.25～l0.12kg.在苗期、蕾期、开花期、花果期和灌浆成熟期,淄蓖5号分别保持2%、15%、50%、15%和20%左右的氮吸收百分率有利于高产;云蓖泰国202分别保持1%、10%、45%、12%和30%左右的氮吸收百分率有利于高产.