平托花生草粉替代不同比例精料喂兔效果研究

为研究平托花生草粉替代不同比例精料饲喂新西兰大白兔生长效果,用平托花生草粉分别替代10%、15%、20%精料与对照（CK）共4个处理组。经45 d喂养试验,结果表明在日增重、屠体品质方面与全精料饲喂的对照组差异不显著,其中平托花生草粉替代10%精料的处理Ⅰ肉兔生长速度最快,日增重达22.56 g/d,料肉比为2.51∶1;在兔肉氨基酸含量方面,利用平托花生草粉分别替代10%、20%和30%的精料处理的兔肉氨基酸总量分别为68.91%、70.97%、68.51%,与全部精料饲喂的对照相比,替代20%精料的处理在氨基酸总量和人体必需氨基酸含量方面都得到了不同程度的提高;在经济效益方面,替代10%的精料,提高经济效益7.49%。说明可以利用平托花生草粉替代部分精料,达到同样的饲养效果,并节约饲粮,其中以平托花生草粉替代10%的处理饲养效果最好。     

Forage legumes in grass pastures in tropical Brazil and likely impacts on greenhouse gas emissions: A review

Beef cattle producers seldom use fertilizers for their pastures in tropical regions of Brazil. Slowly, this is changing but because of the need for repeated applications, N fertilizer is rarely applied. The introduction of a forage legume is an appropriate solution for this problem, but until recently adoption has been very low as the legumes generally have not persisted in the sward. We report research on how grazing management can affect the persistence of stoloniferous legumes in pastures of Brachiaria spp. and the problems of establishing and maintaining crown-forming legumes such as Stylosanthes spp. With suitable management, milk or bovine carcass yields can be equal or greater from mixed than from grass-alone pastures fertilized with 120 or 150 kg Nha^-1 year⁻¹. In addition to savings in CO₂ emissions from fossil fuels for the production and distribution of N fertilizers, nitrous oxide emissions from cattle excreta and legume residues are lower than those from N-fertilized brachiaria grass monocultures. Other studies indicate that enteric methane emissions from cattle may be mitigated when forage legumes are included in their diet. The use of forage legumes in mixed pastures for tropical regions is emerging as a feasible strategy to keep meat and milk production at acceptable levels with reduced greenhouse gas emission rates.     

花生区组叶绿体高突变区验证及遗传关系分析

栽培种花生是重要的油料作物和经济作物.由于长期的人工选择压力和驯化作用,造成栽培种花生种质遗传背景渐趋狭窄,严重限制了利用现有品种进行遗传改良的效果.准确揭示栽培种花生与本区组内其它物种之间的遗传关系是野生遗传资源保护和有效利用的首要前提.叶绿体基因组具有母系遗传、能够解决低阶分类单元问题等特点,但利用叶绿体基因组全序...     

花生晚斑病抗性AFLP标记

以抗感晚斑病组合“中花5号×ICGV 86699”的F2分离群体为材料，经田间抗性鉴定明确抗性亲本ICGV 86699的抗性受隐性单基因或主效基因控制；AFLP分析结合BSA法筛选到与晚斑病抗性连锁较紧密的AFLP标记3个，即E35/M51、E37/M48和E41/M47，它们与抗性间的图距分别为7.40cM、7.40cM和8.67cM；所获得的3个标记间连锁紧密，位于同一连锁群上。这3个标记在具有野生种亲缘的7个抗病花生品种或材料中均能检测到，而在栽培种以多粒型为代表的抗病材料中均未检测到，表明ICGV 86699的抗性基因与栽培种花生中的抗性基因不同。这是国内外有关花生晚斑病抗性分子标记的首例报道。     

花生中两个CBF-like基因全长的克隆与序列分析

DREB／CBF类转录因子的功能及作用机理在拟南芥、水稻等模式植物中已经得到了较为充分的研究,但是在花生中还没有关于这类基因的报道,其功能也没有得到证实。本研究通过Bioedit软件在花生eDNA文库中找到了15个可能编码CBF类蛋白的基因片段,其中有2个基因没有包含完整的开放阅读框。我们通过5-RACERT-PCR对...     

花生不同叶位叶片衰老差异的研究

在大田条件下，研究了高产花生品种鲁花11号和辐8707主茎不同叶位叶片衰老的差异。结果表明：花生主茎展开18片叶(饱果期)时，主茎叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、可溶性蛋白质含量(Pr)、超氧化物歧化酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性逐渐升高，顶3-6叶达最大值，向下逐渐降低。叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量、活性氧(O2^-)释放速率随叶位的降低逐渐升高，顶6叶后开始迅速升高。花生主茎顶1-3叶属快速生长叶，顶4-6(7)叶属缓慢衰老叶，顶7(8)-10叶属迅速衰老叶。两品种间差异不大，辐8707叶片的衰老稍早于鲁花11号。     

花生种子发芽率快速测定法

用TTC氯化三苯四氮唑)染色法和红墨水染色法对35份花生品种进行种子生活力的测定,并与其发芽率比较,研究结果表明,TTC法和红墨水法测定的种子生活力和发芽率之间存在极显著的正相关关系。TTC染色法和红墨水法都可用于花生种子发芽率的快速测定,其中TTC染色法的测定结果可靠性高于红墨水染色法。     

晋西黄土区幼龄苹果+花生间作地土壤水分的时空分布特征

选取晋西黄土区具有典型代表性的幼龄苹果(Malus pumila)+花生(Arachis hypogaea)间作地作为研究对象,在花生生长季的不同时间对苹果+花生间作地和对照花生单作地的土壤水分进行定位监测,研究苹果+花生间作系统间作界面上土壤水分的时空分布特征和水分效应,及其对花生生长状况和产量的影响。结果表明:1)间作地土壤平均水分含量生长季逐月变化显著,水分耗用最大的时间为7月;2)在垂直方向上,土壤含水量随着土壤深度的增加而增加,在水平方向上,土壤含水量最低值出现在距离果树行最近的区域,并随着与树行距离的增加而增加;3)间作地种间土壤水分耗用量最大的区域为靠近苹果树的表层土壤;4)在当前树龄下,苹果+花生间作系统相对于花生单作土壤水分在整体上表现为负效应,对花生的产量产生了不利的影响,并限制了果农间作系统生态效益和经济效益的进一步提高。建议采取适当的调控和管理措施缓解种间水分竞争并提高花生的产量。     

利用SSR快速鉴别花生杂交F1真伪

本研究,我们以6个花生品种为亲本配置杂交组合,田间调查发现亲本间形态表型差异大的杂交F1容易鉴别真伪,而形态表型差异小的则难于鉴别,甚至无法鉴别。为此,我们通过改良Thomson一步法制备DNA模板,建立了一套花生SSR-PCR快速检测体系,并在此基础上利用SSR鉴别花生杂交F1真伪。结果表明,采用Thomson一步法和改良后的一步法提取的DNA模版均能扩展出清晰条带,但改良后制备的DNA模板在4℃下可保存约1个月,未改良的仅能保存一天。利用SSR检测上述群体表明,F1真杂种率为38%～56%,不同亲本间杂交成功率存在差异,同一亲本正反交成功率也存在一定差异。可见,SSR标记用于杂种真伪鉴定具有一定的应用潜力。     

Growth and phosphorus uptake of maize cultivated alone,in mixed culture with other crops or after incorporation of their residues

Intercropping or rotating of P‐efficient crop species which mobilize sparingly soluble P by their root exudates can have beneficial effects on growth and P uptake of P‐inefficient species. We aimed at studying the effect of intercropping or incorporating of crop residues of P‐efficient crops on the components of maize P‐uptake, i.e. the root‐system size and P influx (P‐uptake rate per unit root length). This was studied in 3 pot experiments in a low‐P sandy soil. In the first experiment, maize was intercropped with white lupine, sugar beet or oilseed rape, and with groundnut in the second experiment. In the third experiment, maize was grown after incorporating the crop residues of white lupine, sugar beet or oilseed rape. Maize growth and yield was strongly inhibited when intercropped with white lupine, sugar beet or oilseed rape, probably because of competition for nutrients. But with groundnut as the accompanying species, maize yield was increased by a factor of 3, mainly because of an enhanced P influx. Crop residues of oilseed rape and sugar beet increased the yield of maize by factors 2 and 1.6, respectively, because of a 3 and 2 times higher P uptake as compared to maize grown after maize without incorporation of crop residue. The reason for the higher maize P‐uptake after oilseed rape was an 11 times higher P influx as compared to maize without crop residues, and after sugar beet residues because of an enhanced root growth and a 4 times higher P influx. Lupine residues did not improve maize growth, mainly because of a low P influx, which was even less than that of maize grown without crop residues. The soil solution P concentration and calcium acetate lactate‐extractable P (CAL P) measured in this study did not reflect the P availability as indicated by the plants (P uptake, P influx). This indicates that other mechanisms such as P mobilization in the rhizosphere by root exudates or cell‐wall components were responsible for the increased P availability. These mechanisms need further investigation.