三种外检植物病毒的灭活处理

番茄环斑病毒（ＴｍＲＳＶ），烟草环斑病毒（ＴＲＳＶ），南芥菜花叶病毒（ＡｒＭＶ）的病汁液和ＰＥＧ粗提纯液，经适宜温度或甲醛处理，均丧失侵染性而有抗原性。ＴｍＲＳＶＰＥＧ粗提纯液经６０℃（水浴）处理１０分钟或２８℃７天，ＴＲＳＶ粗提纯液置２５℃一个月，Ａｒ－ＭＶ在４０℃７天条件下均可做为阳性对照的灭活处理的最佳方案。可保存抗原性在７～１２月以上。为了防止危险性检疫病毒的侵入，对入境种苗进行检疫，需建立快速、准确、标准化检疫程序，而在血清学快速诊断试验中，提供阳性对照，对提高判断准确率是必要的。因此，为了解决在诊断试剂中提供阳性对照但又不能使其检疫性病毒人为扩散这一重要问题，我们在研究三种外检病毒（ＴｍＲＳＶ，ＴＲＳＶ，ＡｒＭＶ）的检验技术的同时，又进行了一些灭活试验，用化学和物理方法钝化病毒，使其失去侵染性而保持抗原性，并应用于酶联诊断试剂盒中，本文报道了初步试验结果     

In-vitro Fertilization of Ovules of Some Species of Brassicaceae*

The method of in-vitro fertilization of ovules can be successfully applied to various species of Brassincaceae. Mature embryos and plants were obtained after in-vitro pollinating the ovules of Arabis caucasica, Brassica napus, B. oleracea var. sabellica (kale), B. oleracea var. italica (broccoli), Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Moricandia arvensis and Sisymbrium Loeselli. In the case of Sinapis alba fertilization and embryo development did not occur. The same method has been successfully used for obtaining hybrid immature embryos at different stages of development from crosses between B. napus X D. tenuifolia, B. napus X M. arvensis, B. oleracea var. italica X D. tenuifolia, D. tenuifolia x B. napus, D. tenuifolia. X M. arvensis and D. tenuifolia X S. Loeselli. The present findings show that in-vitro pollination of ovules of various species of Brassicaceae makes it possible to (a) perform the whole process of fertilization and embryogenesis; and (b) obtain intergeneric hybrid embryos.     

Wildfire Effects on Understory Vegetation,Natural Regeneration,and Forest Floor Fuels in a Sierran Mixed Conifer Stand

Wildfire effects on understory shrubs and herbs, regeneration of the seedling and sapling size classes, and downed and dead fuels were assessed in a mixed conifer stand located in the Lake Tahoe Basin in which California white fir (Abies concolor var. lowiana [Gord.] Lemm.) was most abundant but with Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.) also prevalent. In burned and unburned stand portions, prefire measurements served as a basis of comparison for the postfire measurements pertinent to each study component. Fire severely suppressed the understory vegetation, which was dominated by shrubs such as bush chinquapin (Chrysolepis sempervirens [Kellogg] Hjelmqvist) and antelope bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata [Pursh] DC.), while a tepid postfire recovery of most of the preexisting species in the burned stand portion was augmented by new ones, including shrubs such as snowbrush (Ceanothus velutinus Douglas ex Hook.) and whitethorn (Ceanothus cordulatus Kellogg) ceanothus and herbs such as Holboell's rockcress (Arabis holboellii Hornem.). Tree seedling abundance was also substantially reduced in the burned portion, but the postfire population was dominated by Jeffrey pine whereas white fir had been most prevalent originally. Sapling regeneration was eliminated from the burned stand portion regardless of species. Downed and dead fuel loading was severely diminished by the fire, especially regarding fine fuels, permitting subsequent sheet erosion to imperil new seedling regeneration. These results contribute to an understanding of the direction and pace of postwildfire succession on sites occupied by Sierra Nevada mixed conifer and similar forest cover types, which is critical in decisions concerning the need for, and extent of, postfire site rehabilitation measures.     

进境荷兰郁金香种苗中南芥菜花叶病毒的鉴定

为了防止南芥菜花叶病毒(Arabis mosaic virus,ArMV)传入我国,采用血清学、分子生物学、电镜观察及生物学接种等方法对从荷兰进口的郁金香种苗进行了ArMV检测。结果表明:ArMV血清学反应为强阳性;RT-PCR反应扩增出370bp的特异性目标条带;RT-PCR产物与已报道的3个ArMV部分外壳蛋白基因的核苷酸序列同源性为91.00%～93.24%,氨基酸序列同源性为99%～100%;免疫电镜观察到叶片病汁液中含有直径约30nm的球状病毒粒体;该病毒在黄花烟、白肋烟、矮牵牛和昆诺藜等鉴别寄主上引起坏死和褪绿等典型症状,经DAS-ELISA检测,这些接种寄主均呈ArMV血清学阳性反应。故将该病毒鉴定为南芥菜花叶病毒。     

南芥菜花叶病毒衣壳蛋白的克隆、原核表达和多克隆抗体制备

为开发百合中南芥菜花叶病毒(Arabis mosaic virus,ArMV)的血清学检测技术及研究ArMV的致病机理,原核表达ArMV衣壳蛋白(coat protein,CP),纯化并制备其多克隆抗体.以侵染东方百合杂交品种‘木门’(‘Conca D’ or')的ArMV基因组为模板,克隆ArMV CP基因全长,构建...     

铅胁迫下添加硫对小花南芥土壤微生物数量及植株铅累积特性的影响

为探明在铅胁迫下,外源添加不同硫浓度是否会影响小花南芥（Arabis alpina L. var. parviflora Franch）土壤微生物数量及植株铅累积特性,采用盆栽试验种植野生小花南芥,通过测定土壤pH、S、Pb含量,土壤微生物数量以及植株铅含量,揭示铅胁迫下,外源添加不同硫浓度对超富集植物小花南芥土壤微生物数量及植株铅累积特性的影响。结果表明：铅胁迫下,外源添加不同硫浓度①使土壤pH从6.87下降到6.17;②对土壤Pb含量有极显著影响,土壤铅含量可达2 100.22 mg/kg;③对细菌、真菌、放线菌无显著影响;④显著增加了地上部和地下部对铅的吸收,其中,地上部铅含量可达2 524.01 mg/kg,地下部铅含量可达1 672.94 mg/kg,富集系数、转运系数和转运量系数最高分别可达4.04、1.73和9.84。研究发现,铅胁迫下,外源添加不同硫浓度可促进小花南芥对铅的吸收,土壤中微生物的数量也发生变化。     

NaCl胁迫对3种鹅观草幼苗耐盐性研究

摘要：【研究目的】探讨随着盐分浓度的递增对鹅观草幼苗生物学指标的影响规律,为今后鹅观草属植物耐盐育种提供科学依据并为解决大西北草原盐碱化这一问题提供优良牧草资源;【方法】以三种鹅观草为供试材料,利用不同浓度NaCl溶液对其进行胁迫处理7d,测定它们的株高、根长、叶长、叶宽、地上部分鲜重及干重、地下部分鲜重及干重等苗期生物学指标;【结果】试验研究表明：低盐浓度对三种鹅观草幼苗生物学指标影响较小;随着盐浓度高的增大,三种鹅观草各项指标均受到严重抑制,且达到极显著差异（P<0.01）;【结论】综合分析各项生物学指标,认为三种鹅观草幼苗耐盐敏感性：偏穗鹅观草最耐盐,大芒鹅观草最敏盐,肃草介于二者之间。     

南芥菜花叶病毒分子生物学快速检测方法的研究

根据南芥菜花叶病毒(Arabis mosaic Nepovirus)CP基因序列,设计并合成了特异性RT-PCR检测引物,对南芥菜花叶病毒和非南芥菜花叶病毒的感病植物组织进行了PCR扩增反应。结果,南芥菜花叶病毒的感病植物组织的PCR产物均出现364bp的特异性扩增条带,而非南芥菜花叶病毒均未出现扩增条带,证明这对引物具有南芥菜花叶病毒鉴定特异性。将提取的南芥菜花叶病毒总RNA做梯度稀释,测定该检测体系的敏感度,结果表明,此体系最低可检出南芥菜花叶病毒提取的RNA模板浓度为150pg/μL。     

硫营养对小花南芥（Arabis alpinal Var.parviflora Franch）累积铅锌的影响研究

采用盆栽试验方法,研究了硫营养对Pb/Zn富集植物--小花南芥（Arabis alpinal Var.parviflora Franch）生长和铅锌累积能力的影响。结果表明：小花南芥地上部生物量随硫营养质量分数的增加而显著增加,增幅为49.5%~118.6%;64mg·kg^-1硫营养处理,小花南芥植株地下部生物量增加114.5%;硫营养促进小花南芥对铅的累积,植株地上部铅累积量增加1.74-2.92倍,地下部增加2.01-3.86倍;8mg·kg^-1和24mg·kg^-1硫营养处理促进小花南芥对锌的累积。试验揭示适当的硫营养能促进小花南芥生长和对铅锌的累积。