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排序方式: 共有86条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
《Journal of Cereal Science》2014,59(3):451-456
Brans of 23 traditional and 12 improved (both red and white) rice varieties in Sri Lanka were screened for anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities in vitro. Varieties which showed the highest inhibitory activities at screening were further investigated for anti-glucosidase and glycation reversing as anti-diabetic properties. The same varieties were studied for selected antioxidant properties. Significantly high anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities were observed for bran extracts of red varieties compared to white varieties at screening. Traditional red rice varieties, Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti, exhibited significant and dose dependent anti-amylase, anti-glycation and glycation reversing activities. These varieties also showed marked antioxidant properties. It is concluded that brans of Sri Lankan traditional red rice varieties Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti may be potential food supplements for diabetes. 相似文献
2.
Increases in the proportion of amylose in the starch of wheat grains result in higher levels of resistant starch, a fermentable dietary fiber associated with human health benefits. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of combined mutations in five STARCH BRANCHING ENZYME II (SBEII) genes on starch composition, grain yield and bread-making quality in two hexaploid wheat varieties. Significantly higher amylose (∼60%) and resistant starch content (10-fold) was detected in the SBEII mutants than in the wild-type controls. Mutant lines showed a significant decrease in total starch (6%), kernel weight (3%) and total grain yield (6%). Effects of the mutations in bread-making quality included increases in grain hardness, starch damage, water absorption and flour protein content; and reductions in flour extraction, farinograph development and stability times, starch viscosity, and loaf volume. Several traits showed significant interactions between genotypes, varieties, and environments, suggesting that some of the negative impacts of the combined SBEII mutations can be ameliorated by adequate selection of genetic background and growing location. The deployment of wheat varieties with increased resistant starch will likely require economic incentives to compensate growers and millers for the significant reductions detected in grain and flour yields. 相似文献
3.
Dough rheological properties and noodle-making performance of non-waxy whole-wheat flour (WWF) with partial- or full-waxy (PW- or FW-) WWF substitution were studied. The substitution levels were 0, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 g/kg, respectively. FW-WWF reduced the peak viscosity and pasting temperature of WWF blends as its substitution level was increased due to its higher proportions of B-type starch granules and short amylopectin chains, while PW-WWF increased peak viscosity with the increasing substitution level because of its higher amylopectin content. As demonstrated by farinograph and rheometer measurements, FW-WWF interfered with gluten development because of the increased competition for water by arabinoxylans and amylopectin; however, PW-WWF enhanced dough strength due primarily to its increased protein content. Consequently, FW-WWF showed a detrimental effect on cooked noodle texture as the cooked noodle hardness was reduced by 50% at the 1000 g/kg substitution level. In contrast, PW-WWF enhanced noodle integrity and elasticity by increasing cooked noodle cohesiveness and resilience by 10.1% and 14.8%, respectively, at the 1000 g/kg substitution level. The results suggest that with waxy WWF substitution, the changes in starch composition, arabinoxylans, and protein content could modify the interactions among flour components and influence the quality characteristics of noodle products. 相似文献
4.
对缺失原始数据的数据资料进行了方差分析。从方差分析的基本原理入手,对基本统计数据进行反向推理,得到处理间和误差项的各项离差平方和、自由度以及均方,从而可以实现缺失原始数据下的方差分析,并编写了SAS程序予以实现整个计算和方差分析过程。 相似文献
5.
为了研究成都市区浮游动物群落多样性,对成都市区内主要河流及公园湖泊的浮游动物进行了调查。共鉴定到浮游动物18属25种,群落组成以轮虫为主,群落密度变动范围在70~260 ind.L-1,生物量在0.036~1.016 mg.L-1之间,表明成都市区水体处于贫营养状态。Shannon多样性指数(H)变化范围为2.61>H>0.84,Margalef丰富度指数(D)为2.88>D>0.44,表明成都市区河流水体为中度污染到重度污染。不同采样点比较显示,随着河流进入人口密集的市中心区域,浮游动物群落受影响程度增大,流出城市后,所受的影响降低至入城之前的水平。因此,城市湖泊的人为管理会对湖泊中浮游动物群落产生影响;城市建筑施工向河流倾倒建筑垃圾,会对水中浮游动物群落产生严重影响。 相似文献
6.
[目的]建立一套适合印楝药用优树无性系测定的分析评价方法,并进行农药型印楝优株评价。[方法]以印楝药用优树和平均木无性系为试验材料,通过不完全谱系设计建立无性系品比试验,采用重复力估算法在表型水平上对无性系当代种子农药品质性状进行遗传变异分析,提出"农药型印楝"的概念和标准,根据该标准进行农药型印楝优株评价。[结果]无性系种子印楝素组分含量随优树种子印楝素组分含量的变化而变化,但在无性系内和无性系间都存在不同程度变异:同一无性系各分株间的印楝素B变异(5.26%37.55%)较印楝素A变异(6.06%15.80%)和印楝素AB变异(2.95%16.14%)大,印楝素B和印楝素AB几乎呈退化和/或趋中遗传倾向,而印楝素A则既有退化和/或趋中遗传倾向又有超母遗传倾向;无性系间种子印楝素组分含量性状具有异质性(P0.01)。无性系印楝素A重复力(0.78)、印楝素B重复力(0.81)和印楝素AB重复力(0.83)均较高,表明无性系间印楝素组分含量的差异主要是由遗传效应和一般环境效应造成的,受特殊环境效应影响较小。按农药型印楝标准,评定LD0505、WW0401、AT0515三个无性系为"农药型印楝品种",LD0505和WW0421是"农药型印楝亲本"。[结论]重复力估算法适用于印楝药用优树无性系测定的分析评价,优树种子农药品质性状的遗传传递力强,无性系能保持优树农药品质的优良特性;评定LD0505、WW0401、AT0515为农药型印楝品种,LD0505和WW0421还可作为农药型印楝亲本,其余优树无性系不宜选择。 相似文献
7.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sorghum and sweet potato on the bioavailability of iron, gene expression of proteins involved in iron metabolism and the plasma antioxidant capacity in animals fed with whole sorghum grains processed by dry heat or extrusion, combined or not with sweet potato flour with high content of carotenoids. Five experimental groups were tested (n = 7): dry heat sorghum flour (DS); extruded sorghum flour (ES); whole sorghum flour + sweet potato flour (DS + SP); extruded sorghum flour + sweet potato flour (ES + SP) and positive control (FS). The evaluations included: hemoglobin gain, hemoglobin regeneration efficiency, gene expression of divalente metal transporter 1 (DMT-1), duodenal citochroma B (DcytB), ferroportin, hephaestin, transferrin and ferritin and total plasma antioxidant capacity (TAC). The ES + SP group showed higher (p < 0.05) expression of DcytB, ferroportin and hephaestin when compared to the control group. The DS group showed high (p < 0.05) expression of DMT-1 and the ES showed high mRNA expression of transferrin and ferritin. The changes in the sorghum physicochemical properties from extrusion process reduced the iron and phytate content, and increased the gene expression of proteins involved in iron metabolism, improving iron bioavailability. The combination of sweet potato and sorghum flour (dry or extruded) improved the iron capture and total antioxidant capacity, probably due to the presence of β-carotene and antioxidant compounds. 相似文献
8.
9.
Yasuyuki Tachiki Tetsuhiko Yoshimura Hisashi Hasegawa Tomonori Mita Tetsuro Sakai Futoshi Nakamura 《Journal of Forest Research》2005,10(6):419-427
The objectives of this study were to determine Global Positioning System (GPS) positional errors while moving under the forest
canopy and to clarify the effects of polyline simplification on area and perimeter estimations. We used the Pathfinder Pro
XR and GPSMAP 76S, which are categorized as “high-end mapping” and “general navigation” GPS receivers, respectively. The field
tests were conducted in both natural and plantation forests. The results showed that the Pathfinder Pro XR, which has better
multipath rejection technology, worked well, especially in the plantation forest under unfavorable conditions of higher stand
density. We used analysis of variance to clarify the effects of the receiver type, positioning mode, stand type, and polyline
simplification method on area and perimeter estimations. The receiver type and positioning mode were found to be significant
factors that affected area estimation. The Pathfinder Pro XR estimated the area more accurately than the GPSMAP 76S, and differential
GPS estimated the area more accurately than autonomous GPS. With respect to the perimeter, the receiver type, positioning
mode, and polyline simplification method were found to be significant factors. The results showed that perimeter estimation
was improved by using the velocity filter, and further improved by using the velocity filter and Douglas-Peucker algorithm,
especially when the Pathfinder Pro XR was used. The GPSMAP 76S estimated the perimeter accurately without any filtering because
its default speed filter worked well, even though the GPSMAP 76S is a general navigation GPS receiver. 相似文献
10.
Four sets of durum samples were used in this study to further understand the interrelationships among hard vitreous kernels (HVK), protein content, and pigment concentration, with a focus on the interaction and synergistic effects of protein content and vitreousness on durum quality. HVK level increases with higher protein content in the range of 9.5–12.5%, but this relationship is less evident in durum samples with high protein content (12.5–14.5%). Both protein content and kernel vitreousness can significantly affect durum milling quality. White starchy kernels (WSK) in low protein durum have a very detrimental impact on milling and pasta processing quality, but high protein content can mitigate the adverse impact of WSK on durum quality. Although protein content plays a dominant role, higher HVK might contribute positively to pasta firmness. There was no significant difference in yellow pigment content between HVK and WSK. However, pigment loss from semolina to dough was higher for WSK than HVK. Despite the difference in protein content, HVK and WSK have little difference in gluten strength. The monomeric protein was preferentially accumulated in HVK. The glutenin proteins of HVK and WSK were similar in the ratios of 1Bx/1By and HMW/LMW-GS. 相似文献