基于RNA-Seq的杜仲转录组微卫星特征分析

对杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides)国审良种‘华仲6号’和‘华仲10号’花后70和160d的种仁共4个样本进行转录组测序,对测序数据进行组装和功能注释分类,并对转录组获得的单基因簇(unigene)进行微卫星特征分析。利用新一代高通量测序技术Illumina HiSeq~(TM)2000对杜仲样品进行转录组测序,采用软件Trinity进行组装;利用BLAST软件将unigene序列分别与Nr、GO、COG和KEGG等数据库比对分析;利用MISA软件对转录组的96 469条unigenes进行SSR搜索。结果表明:转录组测序分析,共得到72 791 399个高质量的序列读取片段(Clean reads),包含了14 702 548 161个的碱基序列(bp)信息。对reads进行序列组装,共获得96 469个平均长度为690bp的unigene,序列信息量达到了66.56 Mb。同源性分析结果显示,有49 856个与其它物种同源的unigenes得到注释,占All-unigene的51.68%。将杜仲转录组中的unigene与GO数据库进行比对分析,根据其功能可将注释到的38 983条unigene分成3大类(细胞组分、分子功能和生物学过程)56个分支;根据COG功能可将注释的14 796条unigene基因划分成25个类别;KEGG数据库作为参照,可将注释到的11 260条unigene定位到117个代谢途径分支;SSR位点搜索结果显示,96 469条unigenes中共包含9 621个完整型SSR位点,占总SSR位点的84.14%。完整型SSR位点共包含55种重复基元,其中出现频率最高的重复基序类型为单核苷酸重复中的A/T(4 597个),其次是AG/CT(2 597个)、AT/AT(439个)。     

Transcriptome Analysis of Detoxification-Related Genes in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest on maize, and it can cause large yield losses. As S. frugiperda has invaded many developing countries in Africa and Asia in recent years, it could impact food security. Pesticides remain the main method to control S. frugiperda in the field, and this pest has developed resistance to some pesticides. In this study, we used second-generation sequencing technology to detect the gene expression change of S. frugiperda after treatment by LC₂₀ of three pesticides, lufenuron, spinetoram, and tetrachloroamide, which have different modes of actions. The sequence data were first assembled into a 60,236 unigenes database, and then the differential expression unigenes (DEUs) after pesticide treatment were identified. The DEU numbers, Gene Ontology catalog, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway catalog were analyzed. Finally, 11 types of unigenes related to detoxification and DEUs after pesticide treatment were listed, and Cytochrome P450, Glutathione S-transferase, and ATP-binding cassette transporter were analyzed. This study provides a foundation for molecular research on S. frugiperda pesticide detoxification.     

干旱胁迫下棉花SSH文库构建及其抗旱相关基因分析

以耐旱自交系邯郸177为材料,利用抑制性差减杂交技术(SSH),构建棉花苗期叶片的正向差减文库。挑取300个阳性克隆进行PCR验证,并对验证后的单克隆进行测序和分析,共获得284个有效序列。聚类后得到202条uniESTs序列,其中174条singlets,28条contigs。经过BlastN分析,156个unigene可以在GenBank中找到同源序列,46个unigene未能找到同源匹配。经BlastX分析,40个unigene与未知功能蛋白或假定蛋白有较高相似性,116条unigene与已知功能蛋白有较高同源性。用KOBAS系统将33个unigene定位到55个Pathways中,其中P值小于0.5的Pathway有23条。初步分析发现, 丙酮酸盐代谢(pyruvate metabolism)途径、乙醛酸和二羧酸代谢(glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism)途径与棉花抗旱相关性较大。这些unigene基因涉及信号传导、能量代谢、蛋白质代谢、核酸代谢、光合作用及膜运输等代谢过程。发现了苹果酸合成酶基因(Ms1, 001_B03; Ms2, 003_E04)、苹果酸脱氢酶基因(Md1, 001_C12; Md2, 002_F01);NAC(001_C08)、锌指蛋白(zfp, 003_C06)、BZR1/BES1(003_G04)等转录调节因子,以及翻译控制肿瘤蛋白基因(TCTP,002_C04)等耐旱相关基因。     

白蜡虫雄虫真蛹转录组分析

[目的]蛹期对于白蜡虫雄虫发育和交配具有重要意义,但目前缺乏对于白蜡虫真蛹基因转录情况的分析,本研究旨在获得白蜡虫真蛹转录组数据,了解其转录组特征。[方法]采用Illumina Hi Seq 2000进行高通量测序,并进行生物信息学分析;采用荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测3个热激蛋白基因(hsp)在不同虫态中的表达动态。[结果]共获得63 957条unigene、63 272个开放阅读框(ORF)、9 561个SSR分子标记,unigene平均长度674 bp,共有14 327条unigene获得了注释,Gene Ontology(GO)注释和Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)注释分析表明,很多基因参与的功能与白蜡虫蛹期的生理特征吻合。[结论]该转录组数据为白蜡虫基因功能鉴定和蛋白组学分析研究奠定了数据基础。     

基于马尾松干旱转录组的抗旱功能SSR位点分析

[目的]了解马尾松干旱胁迫转录组序列的功能分布和SSR位点分布特征,并探索与干旱关联的SSR位点。[方法]对马尾松幼苗进行持续干旱胁迫,选取干旱10、15、25 d及正常供水对照的马尾松针叶样品,通过总RNA提取、Illumina测序、raw reads去冗、Trinity拼接获得unigenes。利用Blast比对,对Unigene序列进行GO、KOG、KEGG功能注释及分类;利用Misa软件进行SSR位点批量搜寻,primer 3. 0软件进行规模化SSR引物设计;利用GOSeq(1. 10. 0)、KOBAS(v2. 0. 12)软件对差异表达的含SSR位点Unigene进行GO、KEGG显著性富集分析。[结果]马尾松转录组194 821个Unigene中,101 806个Unigene获得注释,包含64 943个GO功能注释、35 880个KOG功能注释及30 882个KEGG注释。搜寻到6 728个SSR位点,分布于6 367个Unigene中,SSR出现频率为3. 45%;重复类型以单、三、二核苷酸为主,分别占总SSR的35. 82%、33. 03%和25. 22%;重复基序以A/T、AT/AT、AG/CT、AGC/CTG、AAG/CTT为主;基序长度以10 20 bp的短序列SSR为主;基序重复次数以5～10次重复占优势;批量设计13 338对SSR引物。422个含SSR位点Unigene具有差异表达; KEGG富集分析发现,有11个含SSR位点的差异Unigene参与了光合作用、植物激素信号传导及类胡萝卜素合成等3个与干旱响应相关的代谢途径。[结论]从较高质量的马尾松转录组中获得101 806个具有注释的Unigene;从6 367个Unigene中挖掘出6 728个SSR位点; 422个含SSR位点的差异表达Unigene中筛选出11个与干旱关联的SSR功能位点,为抗旱功能基因定位及马尾松抗旱分子机制研究奠定基础。     

A genetic linkage map with 178 SSR and 1901 SNP markers constructed using a RIL population in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The construction of high density genetic linkage map provides a powerful tool to detect and map quantitative trait loci(QTLs) controlling agronomically important traits. In this study, simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers and Illumina 9K i Select single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) genechip were employed to construct one genetic linkage map of common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) using 191 recombinant inbred lines(RILs) derived from cross Yu 8679×Jing 411. This map included 1 901 SNP loci and 178 SSR loci, covering 1 659.9 c M and 1 000 marker bins, with an average interval distance of 1.66 c M. A, B and D genomes covered 719.1, 703.5 and 237.3 c M, with an average interval distance of 1.66, 1.45 and 2.9 c M, respectively. Notably, the genetic linkage map covered 20 chromosomes, with the exception of chromosome 5D. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that 1 754(92.27%) of 1 901 mapped SNP loci could be aligned to 1 215 distinct wheat unigenes, among which 1 184(97.4%) were located on o ne single chromosome, and the rest 31(2.6%) were located on 2 to 3 chromosomes. By performing in silico comparison, 214 chromosome deletion bin-mapped expressed sequence tags(ESTs), 1 043 Brachypodium genes and 1 033 rice genes were further added onto the genetic linkage map. This map not only integrated genetic and physical maps, SSR and SNP loci, respectively, but also provided the information of Brachypodium and rice genes corresponding to 1 754 SNP loci. Therefore, it will be a useful tool for comparative genomics analysis, fine mapping of QTL/gene controlling agronomically important traits and marker-assisted selection breeding in wheat.     

Annotation and validation of genes involved in photosynthesis and starch synthesis from a Manihot full-length cDNA library

A full-length cDNA library from leaf and root tissues of cassava (Manihot esculenta) Arg7 and one accession of its wild ancestor W14 (M. esculenta ssp. flabellifolia) has been constructed. The library is comprised of four sub-libraries, containing 32640 recombinant clones, 6028 cDNA clones from their 5′ ends, and 128 clones from the 3′ ends were sequenced. In total, 5013 high-quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and 1259 unigenes were obtained. Of these, 746 unigenes were identified by their sequence homologies to ESTs from model plants, and 323 unigenes were mapped onto 114 different KEGG pathways. From these, 24 differentially expressed genes involved in starch metabolism and photosynthesis were identified and five of them were selected to compare their expression level between Arg7 and W14. Notably, Arg7 has a higher net photosynthesis rate in leaves, higher ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxy-lase oxygenase activities in leaves, and higher AGPase activity in roots. This resource is the first EST collection from wild cassava and should be of value for gene discovery, genome annotation and studies of Manihot evolution.     

云南干热河谷地区余甘子转录组分析

[目的]对云南干热河谷地区余甘子转录组特征进行描述,旨在为余甘子微卫星标记的开发和功能基因的挖掘提供较全面的背景信息。[方法]采用Illumina Hiseq 4000测序平台对余甘子叶片进行转录组测序,对原始数据进行过滤、de novo组装及聚类去冗余等处理后,再与公共数据库进行比对,对Unigenes进行基本功能注释、CDS预测、TF编码能力预测及R-Gene预测等分析。[结果]本研究共获得10. 52 Gb的Clean reads,Q20、Q30分别为98. 47%、95. 28%。组装并去冗余后获得76 881条Unigenes,平均长度、N50分别为713、1 257 nt。通过与NR、COG、KEGG和Swiss Prot数据库进行比对,44 768条Unigenes获得功能注释。余甘子转录组Unigenes根据COG功能注释信息大致分为25类;按GO功能注释信息划分为生物学过程、细胞组分和分子功能3大类47亚类;参考KEGG注释信息,可归为6大代谢通路、21类代谢途径,其中约3/5为代谢相关通路。根据以上注释结果共检测出42 953个CDS,其余未比对上的Unigenes用ESTScan预测后得到2 058个CDS。同时,预测到56个TF家族以及18种RGene。[结论]本研究获得的余甘子转录组Unigenes序列的组装质量较高、完整性较好、基因丰富、功能多样,极大地扩充了余甘子基因信息库,为今后余甘子乃至叶下珠属植物功能基因挖掘、抗性机理分析、分子标记开发、分子辅助育种等研究提供了重要的基础数据。