“互联网+"背景下农村网络扶贫新思路的探讨

本文通过分析“互联网+”时代下网络扶贫的三种新模式，指出了政府、企业、农户三方力量 各自在网络扶贫中的定位和职责，进一步夯实网络扶贫基础，从而提高扶贫治理成效。     

岷江上游乡村社区贫困成因及扶贫模式初探——以四川黑水国家扶贫开发重点县为例

农村发展包括乡村社区发展和农户发展两个方面 ,二者不能偏废。以岷江上游国家扶贫开发重点县———黑水为例 ,探讨乡村社区贫困成因及扶贫模式。社区贫困是多种因素长期综合作用的结果 ,包括自然环境条件、传统习俗与贫困文化结合、道路交通贫乏、森林资源利用政策以及落后守旧的农业生产技术和手段。乡村社区扶贫不同于区域扶贫 ,应以新村建设和易地迁建为主 ,辅以劳务输出、旅游开发和教育扶持。     

Effect of dasatinib in a xenograft mouse model of canine histiocytic sarcoma and in vitro expression status of its potential target EPHA2

Canine histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an aggressive and highly metastatic tumor. Previously, the kinase inhibitor dasatinib was shown to have potent growth inhibitory activity against HS cells in vitro, possibly via targeting the EPHA2 receptor. Here, the in vivo effect of dasatinib in HS cells was investigated using a xenograft mouse model. Moreover, the expression status of EPHA2 was examined in six HS cell lines, ranging from insensitive to highly sensitive to dasatinib. In the HS xenograft mouse model, dasatinib significantly suppressed tumor growth, as illustrated by a decrease in mitotic and Ki67 indices and an increase in apoptotic index in tumor tissues. On Western blot analysis, EPHA2 was only weakly detected in all HS cell lines, regardless of sensitivity to dasatinib. Dasatinib likely results in the inhibition of xenograft tumor growth via a mechanism other than targeting EPHA2. The findings of this study suggest that dasatinib is a targeted therapy drug worthy of further exploration for the treatment of canine HS.     

农民工贫困的特征·成因及破解对策

农民工是我国经济社会转型期的特殊群体,他们的贫困具有转移性、边缘性、介入性、聚集性、发展性、循环累积性以及代际传承性等特征。农民工贫困包括资本贫困、权利贫困及其可持续发展能力贫困,其中资本贫困和权利贫困是阻碍农民工城市生存、发展,乃至于实现市民化的工具性手段,而可持续发展能力贫困才是其贫困的真正根源。只有进行制度重构、资本赋予和能力再造,才能使农民工走出贫困的陷阱。     

利用SCoT对甜菜种质资源的鉴定及遗传多样性分析

为了研究SCoT分子标记技术对甜菜种质资源鉴定的可行性。利用80条SCoT引物对48份甜菜种质资源进行鉴别,同时对种质资源进行了遗传多样性分析和亲缘关系的鉴定。结果表明,80条SCoT引物中有6条能够扩增出清晰、且多态性高的条带,分别为SCoT1、SCoT12、SCoT13、SCoT14、SCoT17和SCoT23,其中引物SCoT1、SCoT12、SCoT14和SCoT23单独使用均可鉴别全部的48份种质资源,引物SCoT13和SCoT17共同使用可以鉴别48个种质资源;聚类分析结果表明,在遗传距离0.15处,95.8%的种质资源均聚为一类,从分子角度上表明甜菜种质资源遗传距离较小。本研究为利用SCoT分子标记技术鉴别甜菜种质资源、对种质资源进行亲缘关系鉴定、杂交组合亲本选配以及分子标记辅助育种等提供相关科学依据。     

基于层次分析法的食用菌产业扶贫绩效评价

特色产业扶贫是一种创新式的扶贫模式,通过扶持贫困地区发展地方特色产业脱贫致富。食用菌营养丰富,销售市场前景乐观,也响应了我国绿色环保节能的理念,成为最具优势的产业发展趋势。辽宁省某地区作为我国脱贫攻坚战的重点地区,利用食用菌产业不断优化自身的农业结构,助力当地脱贫致富。对该地区的食用菌产业扶贫绩效进行了具体分析和评价。     

食用菌产业助力脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴实证分析

以连云港市食用菌产业推动连云港经济发展为例,阐明食用菌产业助力乡村脱贫攻坚和农民致富的显著效果。食用菌产业的发展促进了当地农业增产增效,带动了农民增收致富,凸显了其重要的社会经济效益和生态效益。在政府扶贫支持的带动下,发展食用菌产业助力脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴已在连云港市基本实现。     

浅谈科技扶贫助力产业发展

距离2020年实现全面小康社会的时间越来越近，全国扶贫进入攻坚期，总结前一阶段的经验，更有效地开展精准扶贫，成为目前面临的重要问题。中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所作为农业领域国家级科研事业单位，多年来凭借自身科研与人才优势，在各地开展科技扶贫，文章尝试结合实际开展的扶贫工作，浅谈产业扶贫及科技扶贫的经验与面临的问题，希望为有效开展精准扶贫提供借鉴。     

中国农村扶贫开发政策与最低生活保障制度衔接问题研究——基于湖南省新化县和陕西省柞水县的实地调查

通过对湖南省新化县和陕西省柞水县的实地调查,探讨在农村最低生活保障制度与扶贫开发政策对接过程中出现的相关问题,探究其问题的原因及影响,从而提出相关建议。研究主要采用定量与定性相结合的方法,综合运用问卷调查、访谈法、参与式农村评估法、观察法等方法进行实地数据的收集。对两项政策的定位问题在功能方面、目标人群方面与信息方面进行梳理与探讨,分析其主要作用,剖析两项政策衔接的可行性、必要性及存在问题,从而为两项政策最终实现实质性对接提供借鉴。     

Improvement of Appearance Traits of elite Rice Zhenshan 97B by Molecular Introgression of Targeted about 800 kb Interval from Indica Rice Jiafuzhan Genome

Rice appearance trait is mainly mean grain length (GL), grain width (GW), ratio of length and width (L/W), chalkiness (CH) and transparence (TR). Appearance is the first impression, and rice appearance traits effect significantly the value of commodity. Hybrid rice is relatively low quality, especially on rice appearance quality,which restricts partially its extend and badly export of hybrid seed and rice in China.Shanyou 63, the most famous hybrid rice combination of China, could not be also sustainable application because of its poor qualities. In this studies, We attempt to improve appearance quality of the elite rice maintainer of Zhenshan 97B by using molecular approach of genomic interval targeted introgression. Three F2 populations were constructed to study the classical and molecular genetic of rice appearance traits, at the same time, molecular marker-asisted toimprove the main maintainer line, Zhenshan 97B were performed. There some following results:Three F2 populations were constructed based on crosses of Guangluai 4×Jiafuzhan (GJ popu.), Minghui 86×Jiafuzhan (MJ popu.) and Zhenshan 97B×Jiafuzhan (ZJ popu.). ZJ popu and GJ popu were produced to reconstruct the linkage maps related with rice appearance traits based on BSA, and detect QTL of target traits based on IM.In ZJ popu, 9 QTLs of target traits were detected. The interval, RM169～RM516 on Chromosome 5, was genetic locus of GW, L/W, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 10.9%, 14.9%, 12.0% and 14.2%, respectively.RM214 on chromosome 7, RM339 on chromosome 8 were genetic loci if CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.4%, 10.0%, 11.0% and 12.1%. besides there is a genetic locus, RM347, of G/W on chromosome 3, and the explained varance was 10.3%. In GJ popu, 5 QTLs of rice appearance traits were detected. The interval, RM169-RM516 on Chromosome 5, were also the genetic loci of GW, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.0%, 12.5%, and 13.6%, respectively. RM264～RM80 on chromosome 8 was the genetic loci of GW amd L/W,and the explained variances were 14.7% and 13.4%. The genotypes of all QTLs, except RM214, from Jiafuzhan contributed to improving riee appearance traits.The research was to improve the rice appearance quality of Zhenshan 97B by introgressing QTLs of rice appearance traits from Jiafuzhan, a donor parent, by means of MAS in the process of recurrent backcrossing, 4 SSR markers were used to detect the target genotypes from donor parent, and 70 SSR primers to identify the genetic background of recurrent parent. Consequently, there were 19 target individuals in BC3, in which the mean value of GL, GW, L/W, CH and BW were 6.06±0.04mm, 2.50±0.02mm, 2.43±0.02, 29.5±2.7 and 29.4±2.7%, respectively,and the mean homologous degree (HD) to recurrent parent is up to 98.22%. Compared to Zhenshan 97B, GL, CH and BW decreased 0.17 mm, 34.9% and 34.5% respectively and however L/W increased 0.19. which accounted separately for 25.37%, 54.79%, 54.57% and 10.50% of thedifference of every trait between two parents. It is very luckly to find a individual, 13BC2-3BC3 line, whose GL, GW, G/W, CH and BW were 6.04 mm, 2.43 mm, 2.49,2.5% and 2.5% separately, There is very important signification for it to be used in hybrid rice breeding improving appearance traits. In the research, MAS efficiency of 3 loci (with 4 markers ) was 5.68% and coincident degree was 73.08%.