Compatible measurements of volumetric soil water content using a neutron probe and Diviner 2000 after field calibration

Field calibrations for a neutron probe and a capacitance sensor (Diviner 2000) for measuring the soil water content of a shrinking–swelling clay soil were substantially different from commonly used default values. Using our field calibrations, the two instruments estimated similar changes in the cumulative water content of a soil profile (0–1 m depth) over one growing season.     

Effects of phenylbutazone and indomethacin on the post-operative course following experimental orthopaedic surgery in dogs

Randomized placebo-controlled crossover studies were carried out in dogs to evaluate how two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) might modulate an acute post-traumatic inflammatory reaction. Two "identical" surgical interventions were performed on the forelimbs of each animal with an interval of 28 days, to enable a paired comparison of the inflammatory signs and the wound/bone healing processes. At one operation 8 dogs received 300 mg phenylbutazone twice daily for 8 days starting on the day before surgery, and at the other operation matching placebo tablets were given. In a similar placebo-controlled trial another group of 8 dogs received 5 mg indomethacin twice daily. With phenylbutazone the post-operative swelling was not significantly reduced compared to placebo, but there was less pain and limping. With indomethacin the swelling was somewhat reduced, but there was no consistent difference to placebo in the pain and limping assessments. None of the drugs appeared to distinctly effect the wound or fracture healing, as evaluated by clinical inspection, comparison of radiographs and comparison of bone sections from the sites of surgery. It proved difficult to select an appropriate dosage of indomethacin due to its high potential to induce GI ulceration and bleeding in dogs. In this experimental surgical model with an acute inflammation, neither phenylbutazone nor indomethacin showed impressive anti-inflammatory or analgesic properties. In the same model paracetamol has proved to significantly and more efficiently, reduce both swelling and pain without any noticeable adverse effects, and appears to be a better alternative than the two presently tested NSAID.     

Concentration-Dependent Mobility of Chlorfenvinphos in Isolated Plant Cuticles

The mobility of chlorfenvinphos in isolated pear (Pyrus communis cv. Bartlett) leaf cuticular membranes (CM) was studied as a function of concentration of chlorfenvinphos sorbed in the cuticle. Mobilities of chlorfenvinphos increased approximately 9-fold when the amount sorbed increased from 1 to 100 μg cm⁻² pear leaf cuticle. From the amounts per area, average volume fractions of chlorfenvinphos in the cuticle were calculated ranging from 2×10⁻³ to 5·1×10⁻². The increase in mobilities was steepest at the lower and levelled off at higher volume fractions. This correlation could be described for the whole range of volume fractions investigated by an equation which assumes homogeneously dispersed chlorfenvinphos. Temperature dependence of mobilities was studied at 17, 25 and 35°C and chlorfenvinphos volume fractions of 5·5×10⁻³ and 0·12, respectively. Arrhenius graphs were linear for both volume fractions, showing that cuticles did not undergo a phase transition due to the high amount of sorbed chlorfenvinphos. However, at a volume fraction of 0·12, the activation energy of diffusion, E_D, was significantly lower (83·6 kJ mol⁻¹) than at 5·5×10⁻³ (135 kJ mol⁻¹). We interpret these findings as evidence for a plasticising effect on cuticular waxes by chlorfenvinphos. So far, such an effect had been demonstrated only for certain adjuvants (ethoxylated alcohols) but not for active ingredients. Chlorfenvinphos not only increased its own mobility in pear leaf cuticles, but also that of 2,4-D in Citrus leaf cuticles. This would be expected if plasticising of waxes was the sole mechanism responsible for increased mobilities. From these data we predict that permeabilities of cuticles to chlorfenvinphos are not constant. Depending on temperature as well as types and amounts of adjuvants, rates of foliar penetration of chlorfenvinphos can be higher if its concentration in the spray liquid is increased.     

红莲型CMS水稻线粒体K+ATP通道特性的初步研究

以水稻红莲型细胞质雄性不育(HL-CMS)不育系粤泰A(YTA)和保持系粤泰B(YTB)黄化苗线粒体为材料,研究了YTA和YTB离体线粒体KA TP通道对其诱导调节剂KCl、ATP、ADP和GTP等的响应特性。结果表明,KA TP通道诱导剂KCl,能明显诱导YTA和YTB线粒体膨胀,但YTA的膨胀程度较YTB的明显;KA TP通道的内源性抑制剂ATP对YTA和YTB线粒体膨胀起显著抑制作用;KA TP通道的内源性激动剂ADP和GTP引起的不育系YTA离体线粒体短暂收缩及之后的再膨胀程度均较YTB的明显;此外,比较YTA和YTB离体线粒体在Rh123一起孵育10 min后,KCl和解偶联剂FCCP处理引起的离体线粒体膜电位(Δψm)下降过程,发现前者的线粒体Δψm较后者的易于过早崩解。对水稻HL-CMS不育系YTA和可育的保持系YTB线粒体KA TP通道特性的比较研究表明,水稻HL-CMS不育系YTA线粒体KA TP通道对其诱导调节剂KCl、ATP、ADP和GTP等的响应较YTB的更敏感。     

水质对膨润土防水毯防渗效果影响研究

针对我国西北干旱寒冷盐渍化地区渠道防渗存在的问题,对拟引进使用的膨润土防水毯的膨胀性能及防渗效果进行研究,提出推广应用一种新型复合土工合成材料（膨润土防水毯）。选择3种膨润土防水毯产品。采取室内试验,分析了不同浓度及离子溶液对膨润土防水毯防渗效果的影响。试验表明溶液浓度膨润土膨胀性能影响较大．当矿化度大于5g／L时膨胀量明显减小。离子及浓度对韩国1号（两层聚丙烯薄膜防护）防渗性能影响最小,除与膨润土成分及含量有关外,两层聚丙烯薄膜防护层结构对防渗性能也有较大的影响。     

中国南部养殖石斑鱼“肿胀病”的研究

1998年5月至7月间,在中国南部养殖石斑鱼暴发"肿胀病",引起石斑鱼大量发病、死亡.从体表和鳍条的溃疡病灶处分离出2个菌株.形态学观察和生化试验结果表明这2个菌株均为鳗弧菌.将肝、脾、心和肾的上清液接种到CO、FHM、CAB、CK、PG和PC细胞上,没有观察到细胞病变.患病鱼的腹腔中有大量黑色的球状物和腹水,使患病鱼呈现明显的腹部肿胀的症状.组织病理学观察结果表明,这些黑色的球状物由多核细胞组成的增生性组织.     

玉米胚原油挤压膨化工艺的优化

螺杆是挤压机的重要组成部分。以挤压机螺杆构型参数阻流环直径、轴头间隙长度、螺杆转速、螺纹升角为试验因素,以浸提玉米胚原油的碘值为考察指标,研究挤压参数对碘值的影响。通过四因素五水平二次正交旋转组合法设计试验,利用SAS9.1软件对试验数据进行响应面分析,得到最佳挤压膨化工艺参数为阻流环直径92 mm、轴头间隙长度16 mm、螺纹升角为7°06′、螺杆转速为180 r/min,在最优参数下碘值为78.56 g/100 g。     

非洲鸵鸟的雌雄鉴别研究

对鸵鸟进行早期的性别鉴定，可以确保期望的鸵鸟雌雄性别比例，雏鸟雌雄分群饲养，加快鸵鸟驯养进程，提高育雏成活率都有着重要意义。本研究采用翻肛法，对人工饲养的1～3月龄育雏期非洲鸵鸟进行试验与研究。结果表明，在1月龄时就可根据有无生殖交媾器及其形态、大小的差别进行雌雄鉴别，打破了通常认为鸵鸟在4月龄时才可以进行性别鉴定的传统做法，为非洲鸵鸟的饲养管理提供了有利的依据。     

提高刨花板尺寸稳定性的研究——刨花预处理和刨花板的后期热处理

以速生意大利杨为材料,对刨花进行预处理后制成脲醛胶刨花板,用未处理刨花制成酚醛胶刨花扳,并进行后期热处理,分别测试它们的尺寸稳定性,结果表明,两种方法都能较为有效地提高刨花板的尺寸稳定性,具可行性,通过合理选择适宜的预处理和后期处理的时间,可以使刨花板的性能达到预期要求。