北疆苜蓿属植物繁育系统的研究

采用等位酶技术，对北疆苜蓿属植物种群的繁育系统进行了研究。结果表明，北疆苜蓿属植物种群为外繁育系统，黄花苜蓿、多变苜蓿、紫花苜蓿基因组成中杂合体过多，均保持较低的自交结实率。参试苜蓿属植物表现某种程度的内繁育衰退现象，地理或生殖隔离等因素可能是导致个别种群出现内繁育衰退现象的原因之一。对北疆苜蓿属遗传资源保护时，既要选择遗传基础丰富的种和种群以保持最多的遗传变异，还要注意选择具有不同等位的种群以保持原有的基因和基因频率。     

Assessing the potential impacts of alternative landscape designs on amphibian population dynamics

An individual-based, spatially explicit population model was used to predict the consequences of future land-use alternatives for populations of four amphibian species in two central Iowa (midwest USA) agricultural watersheds. The model included both breeding and upland habitat and incorporated effects of climatic variation and demographic stochasticity. Data requirements of the model include life history characteristics, dispersal behavior, habitat affinities, as well as land use and landcover in geographic information systems databases. Future scenarios were ranked according to change in breeder abundance, saturation, and distribution, compared to baseline conditions. Sensitivity of simulation results to changes in model parameters was also examined. Simulated results suggest that while all four species modeled are likely to persist under present and future scenario conditions, two may be more at risk from future landscape change. Although the study species are all widespread generalists regarded as having a low conservation priority, they depend on wetlands and ponds, increasingly endangered habitats in agricultural landscapes. Broader conservation strategies in the region would ensure that these currently common organisms do not become the endangered species of the future.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Chromosomal and Plasmid Diversity of Agrobacterium Strains Isolated from Ficus benjamina Tumors

Agrobacteria were previously isolated from tumors developing on branches and aerial and hypogeous roots of weeping fig plants in Italy and in The Netherlands. A representative group of 48 strains was analyzed by PCR–RFLP of 16S and 16S + IGS ribosomal regions, PCR–RFLP of six Ti plasmid (pTi) regions and characterized for plasmid content. Two groups of agrobacteria were separated by cluster analysis of PCR–RFLP profiles of rrs gene: seventeen strains were similar to the new species Agrobacterium larrymoorei, while the remaining strains were included within the agrobacterium biovar 1 group. Sixteen different plasmid profiles from one to five plasmids were observed. In addition, 21 ribotypes and 20 pTi structures were arranged in many different combinations, showing that fig agrobacteria were characterized by a wide heterogeneity. A general lack of correlation between strain ribotypes and plasmid content was observed.     

高大平房仓散装稻谷储粮害虫年消长动态研究

采用粮食多功能扦样器对重庆市铜梁国家粮食储备库高大平房仓储粮害虫的发生规律进行调查,结果表明高大平房仓内优势种群为玉米象和书虱,谷蠹和扁谷盗有少量发生,赤拟谷盗的发生很少;害虫发生绝大多数集中在表层和上层;粮仓中央多于四周;温度条件是影响害虫发生发展的主要因素.对储粮害虫种群数量进行相关性分析发现玉米象和书虱的种群数量与总虫数的相关性较高;从垂直分布规律看表层储粮害虫种群数量与总虫数的相关性最高;从水平分布规律看东南区域种群数量与总虫数的相关性最高,且绝大多数达到显著水平.     

中国北方野生雄绒螯蟹成蟹可食率和生化成分分析

比较了2017年10月由我国绥芬河、图们江和辽河采集的质量为80～160 g的野生雄绒螯蟹成蟹的组织系数、总可食率、可食组织中一般化学组成及脂肪酸组成.试验结果显示:(1)3个种群雄体性腺指数、肝胰腺指数和出肉率差异显著,但3个种群总可食率无显著差异(P>0.05).(2)就性腺而言,图们江种群水分含量最高,绥芬河种群...     

中华绒螯蟹养殖群体与野生群体的种群遗传学研究

研究旨在探究安徽中华绒螯蟹种质资源状况以及资源混杂程度,以期为中华绒螯蟹资源的科学保护、合理利用以及相关产业政策的制定提供理论依据。采集了中华绒螯蟹4个养殖群体和长江野生群体共170尾样本,基于线粒体分子标记,进行种群遗传学分析。结果表明,长江野生中华绒螯蟹遗传多样性低,盲目捕捞可能造成野生资源衰退。野生群体与养殖群体间未出现显著遗传分化,存在严重的种质混杂。研究探明了长江中华绒螯蟹的资源现状,为其科学的保护提供理论依据。     

吡虫啉对豌豆蚜的亚致死效应

室内测定了吡虫啉的亚致死剂量（LC20、LC30、LC40）对豌豆蚜的生长发育、繁殖和种群参数的影响。结果表明,随着吡虫啉亚致死剂量的增加,豌豆蚜F0代成蚜的寿命显著缩短,产蚜量显著降低。亚致死剂量也使F1代种群的内禀增长率、净增殖率和周限增长率降低,而发育历期、平均世代周期和种群加倍时间延长。     

新疆南部转基因棉区棉铃虫种群长期动态研究

（Bacillus thuringiensis）基因抗虫棉在新疆南部推广已超过10 a,为探索Bt棉大面积种植对棉铃虫（Helicoverpa armigera）种群动态的影响,于1999-2010年使用诱虫灯监测了Bt棉大面积种植区域（麦盖提）和非Bt棉大面积种植区域（阿瓦提）棉铃虫的种群动态。结果表明：新疆南部地区20世纪90年代末发生棉铃虫害较重,2000-2004年种群数量保持较高水平;自2005年Bt棉大面积推广以后,Bt棉区棉铃虫的种群数量显著下降,棉铃虫种群数量随Bt棉种植比例的上升而下降（P<0.05）;]随着Bt棉大面积推广年数的增加,Bt棉区棉铃虫各代种群数量均逐渐下降,第二代种群数量和高峰期蛾量下降速率均较越冬代和第一代快,且第二代棉铃虫种群相对丰富度也逐渐下降。因此,新疆地区Bt棉的大面积种植能较好地控制棉铃虫的种群数量,而且对第二代棉铃虫种群的控制效果最好。     

不同温度下的豌豆蚜实验种群生命表研究

在6种温度(12、15、18、21、24℃和27℃)和相对湿度为80%的条件下,研究了温度对豌豆蚜发育和增殖的影响。组建了生命表,并统计出种群内禀增长率、净增殖率、世代平均周期、种群加倍时间和周限增长率等种群动态参数。结果表明,在试验温度范围内,豌豆蚜的发育历期随温度升高而缩短。种群的内禀增长率在24℃条件下最大(rm=0.281 0),相应的种群净增殖率(R0)、周限增长率(λ)、平均世代周期(T)和种群加倍时间(t)分别为17.030 9、1.324 5、10.089 3 d和2.466 7 d。     

基于综合承载力的区域适度人口研究

在可持续发展目标条件下,适度人口取决于生态、经济和土地等多要素的综合承载力。本文探讨了适度人口的计算方法和模型,运用该模型对吉林省1978-2002年的适度人口进行了测算,并对结果进行了分析,探讨其形成原因,提出解决对策。但适度人口是动态的,是生产力的函数,土地承载是基础,经济承载是关键,生态承载是限制,本文未曾寻求到既能提高区域适度人口数量,又不对区域生态系统产生破坏与影响的土地、经济和生态承载人口三者之间的动态平衡临界点,这是今后努力的方向。