不同马尾松杂种F_1代早期生长的比较

在福建省大田梅林国有林场连续4年调查火炬松×马尾松、湿地松×马尾松杂种F1代以及马尾松纯种苗木造林早期生长情况,结果表明：幼树存活率在造林4年后趋于稳定,且火炬松×马尾松杂种F1存活率高于湿地松×马尾松。火炬松×马尾松、湿地松×马尾松杂种F1代和马尾松纯种3个树种4年生以下（含4年生）幼树的平均地径（胸径）、抽梢、树高生长总体大小依次为：火炬松×马尾松〉湿地松×马尾松〉马尾松纯种,但3个树种间差异均不显著。4年生（48个月）幼树火炬松×马尾松杂种F1代和马尾松纯种平均树高差异显著;50个月生幼树火炬松×马尾松杂种F1代和马尾松纯种间、湿地松×马尾松杂种F1代与马尾松纯种间差异显著,但火炬松×马尾松与湿地松×马尾松间差异不显著。     

亚热带2种针叶林土壤碳氮磷储量及化学计量比对混交的响应

针叶林混交阔叶树是改善土壤肥力、增强林地养分循环的重要措施,而混交效应受到针叶树种自身特性的影响,马尾松(Pinus massoniana)和湿地松(P.elliottii)是亚热带地区广泛种植的针叶树种,但目前2种针叶林对阔叶树混交的响应特征还不清楚。选取马尾松、湿地松纯林以及木荷(Schima superba)补植后形成的马尾松—木荷和湿地松—木荷混交林为研究对象,采集剖面土壤样品,测定土壤容重、有机碳(OC)、全氮(TN)和全磷(TP)含量,计算碳氮磷储量及化学计量特征,比较不同森林类型间的异同。混交阔叶树显著增加了马尾松林0—60cm各土层OC含量,而湿地松纯林与其混交林间OC含量无显著差异。同时,混交增加了2种针叶林土壤TN含量。马尾松林混交后0—60cm土层碳储量显著增加95.8%,而混交阔叶树对湿地松林土壤碳储量无显著影响。混交阔叶树后马尾松和湿地松林0—60cm土壤总氮储量分别增加了15.8%和28.4%,但混交对土壤磷储量无显著影响。混交显著增加了马尾松林0—40cm各土层C/N,而降低了湿地松林0—10cm土层C/N。混交阔叶树后马尾松林0—20cm土层C/P和0—10cm土层N/P显著增加,而混交仅增加湿地林0—10cm土层N/P。混交阔叶树增加了针叶林土壤氮储量,但对磷储量无显著影响,同时混交改变了土壤碳氮磷生态化学计量特征。与湿地松林相比,马尾松林土壤养分含量、储量及其化学计量特征对混交的响应更敏感。     

国外松枯梢病的松色二孢菌9个菌株生物学特性的研究

对来自不同发病程度，不同地点的国外松枯梢病松色二孢菌的９个菌株的生产，产孢等生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明，各菌株生长的最适温度为２５－３０℃，ＰＨ值为６－７，相对湿度为９０％以上；９２４５、Ｈ２１二菌株对湿度在培养其中加入１‰的硼对各菌株的生长和产孢有不同程度的抑制作用，尤以抑制产孢最明显，表现出硼对国外枯病的发生，发展有一定的控制作用。     

尾叶桉 湿地松1～6年生施肥效应研究

尾叶桉、湿地松１～６年生幼林施肥结果表明：１．尾叶桉在缺Ｐ的立地上,施Ｐ肥的效应极其显著。施Ｐ各处理在１～６年生时均显著或极显著地大于对照,其中以施ＮＰＫ全肥最好,６年生的树高、胸径和材积与对照比较,分别增长３５％,６９％,２４３％。而施ＮＫ肥的生长与对照差别不大。湿地松１～２年生的幼林施肥效果不大显著,３～６年生时才达显著差异,其中以施ＮＰＫ全肥的效果最好,６年生的树高、胸径和材积与对照比较仍分别增长１３％,１８％,５２％。２．尾叶桉、湿地松施Ｐ肥的各水平均达显著或极显著差异,施Ｎ、Ｋ肥的只在个别年度有差异。３．偏相关和复相关分析结果表明,尾叶桉施肥肥效主次顺序是Ｐ、Ｎ、Ｋ,湿地松是Ｐ、Ｋ、Ｎ。两树种均在５,６年生时,Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ的肥效最高。４．最优施肥配方：尾叶桉１～３年生以施Ｎ３Ｐ３为好,５～６年生以施Ｎ３Ｐ３Ｋ２为佳。湿地松１～２年生不用施肥,或薄施Ｎ肥;３～６年生以施Ｎ１Ｐ３Ｋ１较好。     

基于可拓层次分析法的兴安落叶松人工林采伐迹地火险等级评价研究

针对兴安落叶松人工林采伐迹地的基本情况和主要特点,运用可拓层次分析法构建兴安落叶松人工林采伐迹地的火险评级指标体系。通过不同层次的分析,建立了兴安落叶松人工林采伐迹地火灾危险等级评价模型,给出了有效的可拓区间数,确定了各个火险评级指标在兴安落叶松人工林采伐迹地火险等级评价中的权系数,为构建兴安落叶松人工林采伐迹地火险等级的动态评估演化模型、促进林地更新、实现科学管理提供理论依据。     

Response of soil respiration to nitrogen addition in two subtropical forest types

Anthropogenic activities have increased nitrogen (N) deposition in terrestrial ecosystems, which directly and indirectly affects soil biogeochemical processes, including soil respiration. However, the effects of the increases in N availability on soil respiration are not fully understood. In this study, soil respiration was measured using an infrared gas analyzer system with soil chambers under four N treatments (0, 5, 15, and 30 g N m^-2 year^-1 as control, low N (LN), moderate N (MN), and high N (HN), respectively) in camphor tree and slash pine forests in subtropical China. Results showed that soil respiration rates decreased by 37% in the camphor tree forest and 27% in the slash pine forest on average on an annual base, respectively, in the N-fertilized treatments when compared with the control. No significant differences were found in the soil respiration rate among the LN, MN, and HN treatments in both forest types as these fertilized plots reached an adequate N content zone. In addition, soil microbial biomass carbon (C) content and fine root biomass declined in N-treated plots compared to the control. Our results indicated that elevated N deposition might alter the tree growth pattern, C partitioning, and microbial activity, which further affect soil C sequestration by reducing soil respiration in subtropical forests of China.     

Recreational preferences depending on thinning practice in young even-aged stands of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.): comparing the opinions of forest and landscape experts and the general population of Denmark

The aim of this study was to investigate to which extent forestry professionals, other “green” professionals (mainly landscape architects) and natural resource students in Denmark agree with the general population regarding their recreational preferences for contrasting stem densities in young, even-aged stands of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.). The study was based on five pairs of colour photographs from each of the five recently thinned experimental plots in a 13-year-old stand. The plots represented five different residual stem densities: 7000 (unthinned), 5300 (traditional thinning), 1000, 300 and 100 stems ha^?1. All cut trees were left on the ground. The analysis was carried out as a survey of forest and landscape experts (n=158) and the general public (n=243) based on questionnaires. Interviewees ranked the photographs according to the criterion: “Which forest environment do you prefer as a visitor?” Principal component factor analysis showed that the general public tended to perceptually group photos according to similar overall pattern of openness, presence of row structure and stand accessibility (including presence/absence of slash). As long as a stand appeared accessible, stand density had little influence on their preferences for a wide range of stand densities (5300?300 stems ha^?1). In contrast, foresters, other “green” professionals and students seemed to perceptually group photos according to treatment type, and the presence of slash had little influence on their preferences. This suggests an influence of professional background, making experts visually analyse and evaluate stands according to contemporary management standards and paradigms within their own profession.     

切根、截顶对湿地松裸根苗生长调控效果的研究

在江西景德镇和安徽泾县布置了１年生湿地松裸根苗生长后期切和截顶试验，研究其对苗木形态和造林表现的效应及其例题应用制度。两年的结果表明，切根苗的高、径及主根形态指标均低于未切根苗，而侧须根系增加，早切根多次切根处理效应最显著。     

Pine growth response to management of the subterranean clover understory

Management of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) understory grown with loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) resulted in differences in both clover yield and pine diameter. Loblolly and slash pines were planted into a subterranean clover pasture in 1984. Suppression of warm season herbaceous vegetation by applying herbicides or disking the site in late summer resulted in significantly greater subterranean clover production than on the control site where no additional understory management was applied. Pine species had no effects on clover yield. The N content of the pine foliage on the blocks managed with herbicide application or disking generally was significantly greater than the control from the 5th through 7th growing seasons (1988–1990). The dbh of the pine trees in the disked and herbicide treatments was greater than the control after the 7th growing season (1990).     

湿地松幼林施肥五年生长反应

在江西省永丰县恩江林场贫瘠的第四纪低丘红土立地进行湿地松林施肥试验，用以检验要对Ｎ、Ｐ、肥效的反应，和不同施肥期对幼林生长的影响，施肥后五年的生长统计分析表明：Ｎ、Ｐ配合施用效果最佳；施用量为Ｎ１００ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２、Ｐ２Ｏ５１００ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２时，立木蓄积达到４２．０１ｍ＾３／ｈｍ＾２，比不施肥增加９０％；单施肥湿地松幼林的生长反应也达到极显著水平。造林施Ｐ２Ｏ５５０－２００ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２时，立木