造林新材料在岱山海岛造林中的应用

通过3种造林新材料在岱山海岛造林中的应用,观测它们对提高造林成活率的影响.结果表明:3种造林新材料对提高夹竹桃Nerium indicum造林成活率基本没有影响,科瀚98对枫香Liquidambar formosana和银杏Ginkgo biloba造林成活率影响较小.植树宝、科瀚98和GGR可显著提高女贞Ligustrum lucidum,重阳木Bischofia javanica,香樟Cinnamomum camphora和木荷Schima superba的造林成活率.图1表1参6     

小佛肚竹竹丛结构对新竹秆形变异的影响

竹丛结构状况直接影响着竹子的生长环境。通过丛初植立竹数、立竹空间分布和丛立竹数等对小佛肚竹Bambusa ventricosa秆形变异的影响进行研究。结果表明：新竹畸形秆率随丛初植立竹数和栽植后年份的增加而降低,丛初植立竹数以2～3株为宜;出笋后的丛立竹数与竹丛外围、内围新竹数分别呈正相关和负相关,与新竹畸形率呈负相关;竹丛畸形秆新竹数随丛立竹数（出笋前）增加呈先升后降的趋势,丛立竹数与新竹畸形率呈负相关,人工栽培的丛立竹数应控制于4～6株。图1表2参10     

马尾松林冠下套种阔叶树种林分的生长效应

在30年生马尾松林下进行了不同阔叶树种套种试验.结果表明:在马尾松林冠下套种不同阔叶树种生长存在明显差异,其蓄积大小排序为拉氏栲>格氏栲>青栲>苦槠,其中20年生拉氏栲的年平均蓄积生长量分别是格氏栲、青栲和苦槠的1.06、1.26和1.49倍;拉氏栲和格氏栲是马尾松林冠下套种的首选树种,生长中等的树种有青栲,苦槠生长较差,不适宜作为马尾松林冠下造林树种;利用马尾松林分具有林冠稀疏和透光度大的特点,在马尾松林冠下套种拉氏栲、格氏栲不仅能充分利用林分地上和地下的空间,而且对于减轻马尾松林松毛虫危害具有重要现实意义,是值得南方林区大力推广的林冠下套种模式.     

江汉平原中山杉引种造林试验研究

通过在江汉平原开展中山杉6个品系的引种造林试验。结果表明,引进的6个品系中山杉无严重病虫害发生,各生长指标均大于池杉,11 a生中山杉平均胸径为17.61 cm、树高为11.06 m、材积为0.1297 m^3,表明中山杉在江汉平原的引种试验基本成功,其中中山杉502和中山杉118最为突出,适合在江汉平原推广造林,丰富江汉平原造林树种。     

川西云杉硬枝扦插生根特性的研究

采用全光照自动间歇喷雾扦插繁殖方法对影响川西云杉Picea balfouriana插穗生根的内在因素进行了较为系统的研究,分别就川西云杉植物生长调节物质处理、插穗类型、插穗长度、采穗母树坡位、采条方向、插穗切口处理方式和环割等对插穗生根的影响进行研究。结果表明:200 mg.kg-1ABT 1号生根粉处理插穗基部3 h,500 mg.kg-1ABT 1号生根粉处理1h和1 000 mg.kg-1IBA速蘸处理,促进川西云杉硬枝插稳生根的效果较佳,生根率分别达到81.0%,76.2%和78.6%。不带上1年生枝条的生根率显著大于带上1年生枝条的,分别为56.4%,16.7%和14.3%。平均生根数和生根率在3种插穗长度间存在显著差异,12~20 cm插穗长度生根率分别比大于20 cm和小于12 cm的,高出83.2%。阴坡的生根率比阳坡高23.8%。2个采穗方向在平均生根数、平均根长和生根率之间差异不显著。4种插穗切口处理方式间差异不显著。环割处理的插穗生根率显著低于不环割处理的生根率。表3参18     

Resistance to foliage-feeding insects in conifers: implications for pest management

The ecological implications of insect resistance in conifers are rarely discussed. It is however a fairly straightforward plant-insect interaction and should be treated as such, making use of the increasing amount of information in this field. Work on tree breeding is usually carried out by silviculturalists who, not surprisingly, rarely consider the insect component of the environment in which the treess are growing. In all fairness, it must be stated that many entomologists, fail to consider the plant component of the interaction. Clonal forestry will almost certainly result in the loss of genetic variability. The use of clonal material has already been cited as a possible source for the diminution of the resistance against pests and diseases and if particular resistance mechanisms against forest pests are sought in the future the reduction in genetic material caused by clonal selection could have serious consequences. The ethics of clonal forestry have been questioned as have the ethics of biotechnological advances in the area of recombinant DNA molecules. The potential of both these techniques should be publicized and brought to the attention of the general public and the scientific community at large and evaluated. To improve our forest environment and to protect the environment as a whole, entomologists, geneticists, physiologists and silviculturalists must work together to produce better trees that require little, if any, chemical aid, be it insecticides, herbicides, fungicides or fertilizers. An increasing awareness of the environmental problems generated by large-scale insecticide applications to forest plantations, coupled with an increasingly chemophobic work-force and the difficulty in obtaining pesticide registration for use in forest environments, means that the forest industry world-wide must look to the use of integrated control measures with more diligence than has been shown in the past. Many recent outbreaks of pests and diseases have been linked with particular seed origins of tree crops. Host plant resistance as part of a suite of other proposed integrated control tools is thus an obvious candidate for development. Despite this, scientists concerned with tree improvement continue to select largely for silvicultural traits rather than for resistance to pests and disease. The different avenues open to plant breeders are examined and the potential of breeding trees resistant to insect attack highlighted. Using resistant trees as part of an integrated pest management system has five very important properties. Firstly, there is no additional pest control cost to the grower, secondly, it operates at all levels of insect incidence and not just when the pest is at high population levels, thirdly, it reduces the insect population cumulatively, fourthly it avoids toxic residues and environmental pollution and, finally, it usually interacts well with the other integrated pest management strategies in existence.     

福建森林资源培育合作经济组织的调查与思考

对福建开展集体林权制度改革后,森林资源培育合作经济组织的发展现状进行了调研,并对如何加快发展提出了意见和建议。     

滇东南岩溶山区4个树种的造林试验结果分析

通过在砚山县铳卡农场对圣诞树、滇合欢、新银合欢、刺槐4个树种不同造林密度、施肥措施、苗根处理方式及苗期喷云大-120等5个因素的对比试验,幼树期的结果表明树种对林木生长量及生物量的影响最大,施肥措施和苗根处理方式对林木的生长发育也具有一定的作用,而苗期喷云大-120对定植后林木的生长发育作用不明显,密度效应除圣诞树外其他3个树种还不显著。参试的4个树种中,圣诞树3年生时已经郁闭,其最佳技术组合A1B1C1D1E1的树高、地径、冠幅和单株生物量分别为5.05m、4.72cm、1.79m和7.05kg,每公顷可提供薪材22678kg、绿肥和饲料24345.5kg,产值3485.08元;滇合欢的最佳技术组合A2B1C2D2E1的树高、地径、冠幅和单株生物量分别为1.84m、4.33cm、1.23m和1.26kg,每公顷可产薪材6936.8kg、绿肥和饲料1467.4kg,产值767.05元;新银合欢则不太适应试区的气候,每年都受霜冻的危害。预计在滇东南岩溶山区选择多用途的圣诞树和滇合欢,采用最佳的技术措施组合造林,能取得良好的生态效益和经济效益。     

海南东寨港几种国外红树植物引种初报

为我国华南沿海防浪护岸林体系工程建设试验性引进优质红树植物资源,旨在提高防护林体系的建设工程质量和增强生物工程体系的抗灾、减灾能力.从生物生态学特性、生长适应性、树高、地径的生长量以及开花结实情况,初步分析了海南岛东寨港从澳大利亚和墨西哥引进的几种红树植物的生长表现.结果表明:拉关木、直立柱果木和阿吉木在该地区可开花结果,其中拉关木生长表现最优,为一种耐高盐度的速生树种;根据寒害调查情况,拉关木和澳洲白骨壤有较耐寒的生长特性,具北移栽培的潜力.     

南洋楹种源家系试验

对21个南洋楹种源/家系进行试验.结果表明:参试种源/家系4.5年生的保存率、生长性状以及形质性状存在显著或极显著差异;通过多性状综合评价,选择出具有较高生长量、较优形质性状和较强适应性的优良种源/家系7个,分别是C9、M15、P10、P6、P2、C1和C6,其中C9、M15表现最佳,4.5年生平均树高、胸径和材积分别为13.03 m、13.05 cm和0.090 79 m3,分别比对照高出13.90%、9.02%和12.80%,比对照树种马占相思高出26.63%、10.41%和74.92%.