刮板式水稻育苗平盘播土装置的设计与试验

分析了常用的一些水稻毯状秧苗工厂化育秧播土装置的特点，根据Mohr-Coulomb的土壤抗剪强度定律，设计出刮板式播土装置。并对生产上常用的砖红壤、水田土等床土进行了播土试验。试验表明，该播土装置能够适用于不同特性床土在不同播土量要求下的播土作业，播土均匀性较高，变异系数均小于10％，盘土厚度相差不大，符合农艺生产要求。     

猕猴桃溃疡病防治研究

对猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病防治方法进行研究,结果表明,冬末春初“划道”控制,病斑,夏委彻底刮除治疗病斑,疗效达80％－90％,DTMz等为此病防治的首选药物。     

外槽轮排种器结构的改进

在结构上从3个方面对现有外槽轮排种器进行了改进，并选取了3种排种器参照对比，通过室内和田间性能测试，各行排量一致性变异系数、总排量稳定性变异系数、种子破损率和田间出苗均匀性变异系数以及断条率等性能指标均优于其它同类型的排种器。     

基于接触摩擦特性的清管器清洁能力评价方法

基于三维有限元数值模拟方法,从密封元件的接触摩擦特性出发,创新性地提出一种清管器清洁能力评价方法。利用ANSYS软件建立两种常见形式的清管器在水平直管内运行的三维有限元模型,并通过现场试验对其准确性进行验证。通过分析计算结果,分别对不同摩擦工况下的两种清管器的清洁能力进行对比。研究结果表明:接触摩擦因数对清管器在运行过程中的密封紧密度、切向刮擦力、有效清洁面积均存在影响,随着摩擦因数的增加,清管器密封元件的切向刮擦力增大,而接触紧密度和接触面积减小。在相同摩擦工况下,当密封元件材料和过盈量相同时,直板型清管器的密封紧密度和刮擦力均优于皮碗型清管器;然而在运行相同距离的情况下,皮碗型清管器所能产生的有效清洁面积大于直板型清管器。根据待清洁管道内的杂质类型来合理选择清管器种类可以有效发挥其清洁能力,提高清洁效率。     

浮顶罐刮蜡机构损坏的力学分析

从力学角度分析了浮顶罐刮蜡机构压筑大量断裂的原因：未按设计图安装压簧，导致其实际挠度超过设计挠度的８８％，使压簧根部的最大弯矩处正应力超出了许用应力值，应力集中使压簧折角处两边产生微裂纹；罐壁焊缝及施工中遗留的凸出焊点和残留物对刮蜡板产生卡阻和冲击荷载，压簧经长时间运行后发生疲劳断裂。针对上述原因，提出了具体维修方案。     

Establishment of a Highly Efficient Regeneration System for the Mature Embryo Culture of Wheat

Establishment of a highly efficient regeneration system for the mature embryo of wheat will provide a convenient tool for wheat tissue culture and transformation,thereby facilitating the transformation of foreign genes into wheat.By using the mature embryos derived from 20 different wheat lines including Shi 4185,Yumai 66,Lunxuan 987,CB037,Yangmai 6,Xinchun 9,Bobwhite,Han 6172,Zheng 9023,Jimai 20,Ningchun 4,and Jing 411,the effects of some factors including inoculation methods,initiating culture media,organic additives,antioxidants,and auxins on the regeneration from the explants were evaluated.The results indicated that the scraping embryo culture was better than the whole embryo culture,the Aa medium was better than the SD2 medium and dicamba was better than 2,4-D in increasing the regeneration frequency.An Adi medium was established in this study by adding silver nitrate,cysteine,ascorbic acid,dicamba,glutamine into the Aa medium at the concentration of 4,40,100,2,and 5 mg L-1,respectively.By using the Adi medium and the scraping technique,the regeneration frequencies of the mature embryos of CB037,Lunxuan 987,Han 6172,Yangmai 6,Bobwhite,Zheng 9023,Shi 4185,and Jimai 20 became 85.6,60.1,46.0,42.1,42.0,34.0,33.0,and 32.0%,respectively,which were about 5-8 times higher than that obtained from the conventional culture mediums and techniques.This novel regeneration system could be helpful in wheat transformation.     

基于刮削与振动原理的减粘降阻镇压装置研究

针对镇压作业时,土壤粘附严重、牵引阻力大等问题,借鉴地面机械触土部件减粘降阻法,设计了一种机械式减粘降阻镇压装置。进行镇压装置运动过程分析、镇压轮表面脱土机理分析和刮削板脱土机理分析,为确定镇压装置减粘降阻的能力提供了理论依据,并在此基础上对镇压装置的关键机构进行了设计。为研究机械式减粘降阻镇压装置的工作性能,以弹簧刚度、前进速度和刮削角为试验因素,以牵引阻力、土壤粘附量为试验指标,在室内土槽中进行L9(34)正交试验。试验结果表明:各因素对指标影响的主次顺序为弹簧刚度、刮削角、前进速度;最优水平组合为弹簧刚度40 N/mm、刮削角30°、前进速度7 km/h。以最优水平组合进行验证试验,得到牵引阻力39.6 N,土壤粘附量43.24 g。与传统镇压装置的对比试验表明,机械式减粘降阻镇压装置使牵引阻力降低17.8%,土壤粘附量降低34.8%。     

New evidence of homoplasy within the African genus Varicorhinus (Cyprinidae): an independent origin of specialized scraping forms in the adjacent drainage systems of Ethiopia inferred from mtDNA analysis

Interrelationships of the two specialized scraping periphyton-feeders, Varicorhinus beso and V. jubae, and some large African barbs, Labeobarbus spp., inhabiting three main regions of Ethiopia (the Western and Eastern Plateaus, and the Rift Valley separating them) were investigated using the sequence analysis of a fragment (609 base pairs) of the mtDNA control region. The two scraping forms in question appeared to be phylogenetically distant: V. beso had branched off before the main radiation of the Ethiopian Labeobarbus took place, whereas V. jubae is a sister group of the Labeobarbus gananensis complex sympatrically occurring with it in the south of the Eastern Plateau. For geographical reasons, among the congeneric species, V. jubae could be considered as the most closely related to V. beso, the type species of the genus, but judging from the available data this genus seems to be monotypic, while jubae should be classified as a member of Labeobarbus.     

玉米与大豆间作对玉米叶片气孔及光合效率的影响

 气孔是植物进行气体、水分交换与代谢,响应环境条件,包括病菌侵染的重要通道,其大小、密度和分布既受到遗传的控制,也受到生长环境的影响。为了研究玉米与大豆间作对玉米叶片气孔的影响,笔者采用改良刮制法对玉米叶片下表皮的气孔器长度、宽度和密度进行了观测。结果表明,与净作玉米相比,间作玉米植株上部、中部和下部叶片的气孔密度较净作显著降低,而气孔器长度较净作显著增加;植株中、下部叶片的气孔器宽度也较净作显著增加,植株上、中、下部叶片的光合速率和蒸腾速率都较净作显著增大。这些结果表明,间作对玉米气孔的影响是系统性的,而且气孔这些特征的变化是有利于提高产量、减少叶斑病发生的。     

水稻叶片气孔长度、宽度和密度及其相关性的研究

采用改良刮制法对水稻叶片气孔的长度、宽度和密度及其相关性进行了研究。结果表明,籼稻和粳稻的叶片平均气孔长度、宽度和密度的大小顺序均为籼稻>粳稻,两种类型水稻叶片的气孔长度的差异和气孔宽度的差异均不显著。气孔性状间的相关分析表明,气孔长度与宽度,气孔宽度与密度间的相关不显著,而气孔长度与密度间存在明显的负相关(p＜0.05)。