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本文是以丰林保护区阔叶红松成过熟林木为研究对象,通过对红松株数,无腐率、心腐率、边腐率统计结果表明:心腐率随根径的增大而增加,且以林分类型为主要因子而转移,林分中红松成过熟林木无腐朽率为19.4%、心腐率为75.3%、边腐率为5.3%. 相似文献
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研究火力楠心材与边材的颜色和物理力学性质,为该树种木材的合理开发和利用提供参考。采用CIE Lab颜色系统表征木材的颜色参数(明度指数L*、红绿轴色品指数a*、黄蓝轴色品指数b*);按照国家标准测量木材的物理性质(密度、干缩性、湿胀性)和力学性质(顺纹抗压强度、横纹抗压强度、抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量、顺纹抗剪强度、硬度、冲击韧性、顺纹抗拉强度、抗劈力、握钉力)。结果表明,火力楠心材的L*、a*和b*均小于边材,表明心材的颜色偏向黑色的程度更大,而偏向红色和黄色的程度更小,整体颜色更加暗深;火力楠心材与边材的总色差属人视觉感觉差异“可察觉”。火力楠心材的密度小于边材,二者密度均属中等;心材的差异干缩大于边材,二者气干干缩的不均匀性均属小;心材的体积干缩系数小于边材,二者干缩性均属很小。火力楠边材的吸水增重率大于心材,表明边材的渗透性优于心材。火力楠边材的硬度、冲击韧性、抗劈力和握钉力大于心材,而其余力学指标小于心材。火力楠心材和边材的顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度、顺纹抗剪强度、端面硬度和冲击韧性,均属木材各项力学指标品质分级的中等及以上水平。火力楠心材的综合强度和综合品质系数均大于边材,二者均分别属高强度和强重比很高。 相似文献
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黑木相思株内木材基本材性变化与树龄关系的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对不同树龄和径向位置黑木相思木材的物理和主要力学性质测定研究表明:黑木相思株内边材、心材密度和主要力学性质随着树龄的增大而增大,径向和弦向的体积干缩率随着树龄的增大而减小;相同树龄黑木相思的边材密度和力学性能比心材小,干缩率比心材大.因此,在利用黑木相思时应对树龄、心边材径向位置加以特别考虑. 相似文献
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树木边材液流传输研究述评 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
结合作者的研究工作进展,对当前国内外有关树边材木水分传输机理的研究概况进行了述评,分析了树木水分传输驱动力的构成要素及内聚力学说对树木边材水分传输连续体合理解释,探讨了稳态流模型和非稳态模型在描述树木水分传输方面的效果,介绍了树木组织水容的概念及其在调控树木水分传输过程中的作用和意义,介绍了当前国内外导管空穴化和木质部栓塞研究概况、树木边材导管空穴化的发生机制及检测方法、树木输导组织栓塞对水分传输的影响及栓塞脆弱性评价等。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1-4):463-469
Variation of sapwood thickness in terms of a linear measurement and a growth ring count with reference to the age was studied in dominant and suppressed Norway spruce trees. In the trees of both dominance classes the sapwood thickness increased in absolute terms, while its relative portion decreased with the age of the trees growing. Great differences were found in sapwood thickness between dominant and suppressed trees in linear measurements but not in the number of sapwood rings or the rate of the heartwood formation. The number of sapwood growth rings reached 40 in old trees. The index of vigour differed considerably in dominant and suppressed trees. 相似文献
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《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(1):13-23
Abstract Thermal modification at elevated temperatures changes the chemical, biological and physical properties of wood. In this study, the effects of the level of thermal modification and the decay exposure (natural durability against soft-rot microfungi) on the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) of the sapwood and heartwood of Scots pine and Norway spruce were investigated with a static bending test using a central loading method in accordance with EN 408 (1995). The results were compared with four reference wood species: Siberian larch, bangkirai, merbau and western red cedar. In general, both the thermal modification and the decay exposure decreased the strength properties. On average, the higher the thermal modification temperature, the more MOE and MOR decreased with unexposed samples and increased with decayed samples, compared with the unmodified reference samples. The strength of bangkirai was least reduced in the group of the reference wood species. On average, untreated wood material will be stronger than thermally modified wood material until wood is exposed to decaying fungi. Thermal modification at high temperatures over 210°C very effectively prevents wood from decay; however, strength properties are then affected by thermal modification itself. 相似文献
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《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(3-4):105-114
Abstract Thermal modification has been developed for an industrial method to increase the biological durability and dimensional stability of wood. In this study the effects of thermal modification on resistance against soft- and brown-rot fungi of sapwood and heartwood of Scots pine and Norway spruce were investigated using laboratory test methods. Natural durability against soft-rot microfungi was determined according to CEN/TS 15083-2 (2005) by measuring the mass loss and modulus of elasticity (MOE) loss after an incubation period of 32 weeks. An agar block test was used to determine the resistance to two brown-rot fungi using two exposure periods. In particular, the effect of the temperature of the thermal modification was studied, and the results were compared with results from untreated pine and spruce samples. The decay resistance of reference untreated wood species (Siberian larch, bangkirai, merbau and western red cedar) was also studied in the soft-rot test. On average, the soft-rot and brown-rot tests gave quite similar results. In general, the untreated heartwood of pine was more resistant to decay than the sapwood of pine and the sapwood and heartwood of spruce. Thermal modification increased the biological durability of all samples. The effect of thermal modification seemed to be most effective within pine heartwood. However, very high thermal modification temperature over 230°C was needed to reach resistance against decay comparable with the durability classes of “durable” or “very durable” in the soft-rot test. The brown-rot test gave slightly better durability classes than the soft-rot test. The most durable untreated wood species was merbau, the durability of which could be evaluated as equal to the durability class “moderately durable”. 相似文献
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Burak K. Pekin Matthias M. Boer Craig Macfarlane Pauline F. Grierson 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009
Water stress and fire disturbance can directly impact stand structure, biomass and composition by causing mortality and influencing competitive interactions among trees. However, open eucalypt forests of southwest Australia are highly resilient to fire and drought and may respond differently to increased fire frequency and aridity than forests dominated by non-eucalypt species. We measured the variation in stem density, basal area, stand biomass, sapwood area, leaf area and litterfall across 16 mixed jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) and marri (Corymbia calophylla) forest stands along an aridity gradient in southwest Australia that had variable fire histories. Fire frequency was defined as the total number of fires over a ∼30-year period and aridity as the ratio of potential evapotranspiration to annual precipitation. Total stand biomass and sapwood area were predicted from diameter at breast height of individual jarrah and marri trees using allometric equations. Leaf area was estimated using digital cover photography. More arid and frequently burnt stands had higher stem density, especially of smaller trees, which were mainly jarrah. Overall, both standing biomass and leaf area decreased at more arid sites, while sapwood area was largely unaffected by aridity, suggesting that these stands respond to increased water limitation by decreasing their leaf area relative to their sapwood area. Biomass of marri was reduced at more arid and, to a lesser extent, at more frequently burnt stands. However, total stand biomass (jarrah and marri) and leaf area index did not vary with fire frequency, suggesting that less marri biomass (due to slower growth rates, higher mortality or less recruitment) was compensated by an increase in the density of jarrah trees (regeneration). We conclude that increased fire and drought shift tree species composition towards more fire-resistant species and result in denser stands of smaller trees. In contrast, total stand biomass declines with increasing aridity, but has no association with fire frequency. 相似文献