Tillage and land use effects on soil microporosity in Ohio, USA and Kolombangara, Solomon Islands

Micropores are important to soil moisture retention and plant growth. Microporosity and pore size distribution were evaluated using mercury intrusion porosimetery on aggregates from 35-year-old experiments started in 1962 at Wooster (40.5 °N, 82 °W) and South Charleston (39.8 °N, 84 °W) in Ohio, USA and from three land use practices on Kolombangara (8 °S, 157 °E) in Solomon Islands. Tillage treatments in Ohio included: moldboard plowing (MP), chisel plowing (CP), and no-till (NT) with continuous corn. The land use treatments in Kolombangara included: natural forest (NF), traditional farming (TF) and topsoil removal (TR). Pore size measured in aggregates ranged from 0.2 to 100 μm in diameter. Median pore radius was significantly (P < 0.05) larger for NT than for MP and CP treatments at Wooster, but not at South Charleston. Tillage treatments had significant effect on the volume of both storage and residual pores for both sites in Ohio. Volume of storage and residual pores were higher for Wooster than South Charleston soil. At Kolombangara, the NF treatment had significantly larger median and peak pore radii, and microporosity than TF and TR treatments. There was, however, no significant difference among treatments in the volume of pore size distribution. These data support a recommendation for adoption of no-till or conservation tillage in soils of the temperate region, and of minimal disturbance and effective erosion control in soils of the tropics.     

地下滴灌抗根系入侵堵塞的研究进展

作物根系入侵滴头造成堵塞是影响地下滴灌系统运行的一个重要原因,目前国内外解决根系入侵堵塞的主要方法有：生产专用滴头和过滤器,滴头包括从结构上改进以防止根系入侵以及从滴头材料中添加缓释的除草荆氟乐灵来避免根系向滴头附近生长两种方式;专用过滤器是在过滤器内部安装放置除草剂氟乐灵的密封装置,过滤时氟乐灵随水进入滴头,起到防止根系入侵滴头的作用;向地下滴灌系统注入化学物质来杀死滴灌周围的根系;合理控制系统运行状况,避免出现水分胁迫等。     

浅谈计算机网络入侵检测

本文介绍了计算机网络入侵检测的概念和入侵检测的步骤,重点分析了入侵检测的分类、入侵检测技术及存在的主要问题,最后介绍了入侵检测的发展方向.     

基于代理（Agent）的入侵检测系统设计

文章提出了一种基于Agent的入侵检测系统模型,该模型是一个层次结构,主要由监控中心Agent、评估分析Agent、信息收集Agent等组成.并对该系统模型最底层的基于网络Agent的设计与实现进行了研究,基于网络的Agent有数据报捕获模块、协议解析模块、规则分析模块、检测分析模块等组成.     

一种基于数据挖掘的Snort系统的设计与应用

为了提高入侵的检测效率,提出了一种基于数据挖掘的改进的Snort系统.该系统充分利用数据挖掘的入侵检测优点,采用改进的Apriori算法,在Snort原系统基础上增加一个数据异常检测模块,改进了Snort存在的缺点,提高了检测率.通过模拟实验验证和实际网络环境应用分析,得出该系统比原Snort系统具有更高的检测性能,能检测未知的网络入侵,提高计算机系统的安全性.     

基于动态Agent的分布式入侵检测系统设计与实现

研究分析了公共入侵检测框架理论及入侵检测的实现策略,给出了一种基于 Agent 的分布式入侵检测模型;设计了一个基于动态 Agent 的分布式入侵检测系统,介绍了它的工作原理,系统整体结构,事件产生器、分析器、响应器和事件库的设计等。该系统具有良好的分布性、扩展性。     

Volume and Value of Marine Ornamentals Collected in Florida, 1990–98

The marine life fishing industry in Florida is defined by the state as the non-lethal harvest of marine plants, finfish, and invertebrates that are sold live for commercial purposes (primarily into the saltwater aquarium industry). Approximately 330 different species of finfish and invertebrates are harvested by marine life collectors in Florida, including 180 species of finfish and 150 species of invertebrates and plants. In 1998, the total dockside value of these species was approximately US$1.9 million. The industry is highly regulated via limits on gear, handling methods, harvest sizes, and trip/bag/possession limits. Entry into the industry has been recently curtailed by the implementation of a moratorium on marine life endorsements. The total number of licensed harvesters exceeded 700 in 1998. Approximately 70 wholesales buyers also participated in the market during 1998. The majority of the dockside value is generated in south Florida, with the majority of the remaining value accruing from the region including and north of Tampa Bay. Over 80% of the total value associated with both finfish and invertebrates is generated by only 10 species within each group. Dockside prices vary considerably among the various species landed, with those landed in greater volumes exhibiting the lower prices.     

中国对虾往西北内陆咸水水域移植的生产性试养研究

本文介绍了通过采用引进河水、压碱降盐等改良水质的技术措施,使中国对虾首次成功地移植到内陆咸水水域。经过1个月的试养,中国对虾平均体长增长3.82 cm,平均体重为1.82 g。     

Interannual variability of the ecosystem of the Kii Channel, the Inland Sea of Japan, as influenced by bottom intrusion of cold and nutrient-rich water from the Pacific Ocean, and a recent trend of warming and oligotrophication

Interannual variability of the ecosystem of the Kii Channel, productive shelf water on the Pacific side of south‐western Japan, was analysed based on physicochemical environmental variables and abundance of major zooplankton taxa collected monthly for 12 yr from 1987 to 1999. The Kii Channel experienced both short‐term (i.e. 3–4 yr) cyclical changes and a long‐term (i.e. decadal) environmental trend. The short‐term variability was primarily associated with year‐to‐year differences in intrusion of subsurface, cold nutrient‐rich water along the bottom of the Kii Channel from the Pacific Ocean. When this bottom intrusion was intense, the Kii Channel experienced a cold, new production‐dominated ecosystem. The bottom intrusion, however, has become less intense in recent years, because of the closer proximity of the Kuroshio flow axis to the Kii Channel. Hence, there was a consistent trend towards warming and a regenerated production‐dominated ecosystem. In accordance with such environmental changes, the zooplankton community shifted towards more oceanic conditions; major herbivorous calanoids (i.e. Calanus sinicus, Paracalanus parvus (s.l.), Clausocalanus spp. and Acartia omorii) decreased, while carnivores (i.e. hydromedusae and Sagitta spp.) increased. The amount of total fish catch also decreased, while the catch of subtropical species increased. These findings lead us to conclude that the bottom intrusion from the Pacific Ocean plays a key role in determining the biological production in the Kii Channel.     

The U.S. Wholesale Market for Marine Ornamentals

The market for marine ornamentals encompasses all live marine species (fish and invertebrates) destined for the aquarium trade. In 1998, U.S. imports and exports were valued at approximately US $1.5 billion at the border (all dollar values cited in this paper are $US). In Florida, cultured freshwater and collected saltwater species accounted for $70 million and $4 million, respectively, in annual dockside revenue. To help explain Florida's marine landings and provide suggestions for future resource management and market campaigns that reflect the perceptions of the industry, a survey of wholesalers was initiated in 1999. Preliminary results indicate that there are several intermediate wholesale markets. Florida firms are closer to the supply as many also collect. Wholesalers in other states handle more freshwater product, are larger, and tend to import a larger share of their inventory. Consolidation is expected to continue, but niche markets for eco-friendly firms are expected to grow. In Florida, marketing strategies should focus on the observed higher survival rates and increasing supply of the popular invertebrate species. Many wholesalers are concerned about additional regulations that could reduce the number of collectors and thereby increase supply variability, a noted weakness of the Florida industry.