5种核果类果树的耐盐性与抗盐性分析

为了筛选耐、抗盐桃树砧木,笔者以蒙古扁桃、长柄扁桃、毛桃、筑波4号实生苗和毛樱桃扦插苗为试材,研究其耐盐性、抗盐性及其分离情况。结果表明:正常生长的基质含盐量:毛樱桃接近0.08 g/kg,其他树种/品种<1.8 g/kg;致死基质含盐量:毛樱桃1.8 g/kg,筑波4号、长柄扁桃、毛桃2.8 g/kg,蒙古扁桃>4.8 g/kg。蒙古扁桃、毛桃、长柄扁桃、筑波4号、毛樱桃的抗盐性分别为极强、强、中、弱、极弱。5个树种/品种的实生后代均存在显著的耐盐性及抗盐性分离现象,分离范围:毛樱桃<筑波4号、蒙古扁桃<长柄扁桃<毛桃,可从中筛选抗性较强的植株。     

补血草属植物资源的耐盐性研究进展

补血草属(Limonium Mill.)植物能有效适应高盐环境,广泛分布于典型的草原群落、沙质草原和内陆盐碱地上。文章对近年来研究较多的几种白花丹科补血草属植物(中华补血草、黄花补血草、大叶补血草和二色补血草)在形态、生理特征以及分子机制等方面的耐盐性研究进展进行了综述,同时比较了补血草属植物间的耐盐性研究情况,最后对补血草属植物今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

不同培养条件下滨梅幼苗对NaCl胁迫的响应

【目的】比较不同培养条件下滨梅幼苗耐盐特性差异,并筛选出耐盐能力强的滨梅品种,从而为滨梅耐盐性评价提供依据。【方法】以不同种源滨梅组培试管苗为试验材料,分别在组培和水培条件下,以0,100,200mmol/L NaCl进行盐胁迫处理,通过观察测定不同种源滨梅叶片盐害及生理生化指标,分析不同培养条件下滨梅幼苗对NaCl胁迫的响应情况。【结果】盐胁迫7d后,组培和水培滨梅幼苗叶片中Na+、丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白(SP)含量、相对电导率(REC)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性均随NaCl处理浓度的升高显著增加;5种不同来源滨梅幼苗材料盐胁迫生理指标差异显著,其耐盐性强度表现为MIMA1NYNJMA2,其中MA2可耐受200mmol/L NaCl,MI可耐受100mmol/L NaCl;组培条件下40d和水培条件下15d后,200mmol/L NaCl胁迫下NY、NJ、MA2所受盐害强度达到3级,MI、MA1所受盐害强度达到4级。【结论】不同浓度盐胁迫7d后组培和水培滨梅幼苗耐盐生理指标变化规律一致,滨梅组培试管苗可直接用于耐盐生理指标的测定和耐盐性评价。     

十字花科作物耐盐种质研究现状及展望

盐胁迫是严重影响作物生长发育的主要非生物胁迫之一。植物在盐胁迫下会产生一系列生理生化变化,创制改良耐盐种质、培育耐盐品种是提高农作物耐盐性的有效手段。十字花科作物是重要的蔬菜和经济作物。本文系统总结了近年来国内外十字花科作物耐盐性研究的相关进展,主要包括耐盐种质鉴定方法及技术、耐盐种质筛选、耐盐分子机理等,以期为十字花科作物耐盐种质创制和新品种遗传选育提供有益的参考。     

桑树砧木耐盐性比较

将不同地区采集的6种桑树砧木进行盐（NaCl）胁迫处理,根据不同桑种实生苗的相对生长量、盐害指数的统计分析,对桑树砧木耐盐性比较、评价.结果表明,桑树砧木耐盐性由高到低分别是安徽的华桑、新疆的白桑、河北的鲁桑、安徽的鲁桑、江苏的山桑、广东的广东桑.     

亚麻萌发期耐盐鉴定体系优化及150份种质耐盐性综合评价

【目的】 优化亚麻萌发期耐盐鉴定体系并综合评价种质资源耐盐性,为亚麻种质资源耐盐性评价及耐盐品种培育奠定基础。【方法】 选用芽长、根长和发芽率作为亚麻萌发期耐盐性鉴定的表型性状。利用13个NaCl浓度梯度胁迫处理30份亚麻种质,分析不同指标变化确定胁迫浓度。用确定的浓度对150份亚麻种质进行胁迫,分别统计相对芽长、相对根长和相对发芽率,利用隶属函数法对供试亚麻萌发期耐盐性进行综合评价,结合聚类分析划分耐盐等级。【结果】 以相对芽长或相对根长为指标时适宜的NaCl胁迫浓度为100 mmol/L,以相对发芽率为指标时适宜的NaCl胁迫浓度为220 mmol/L;150份亚麻种质分划为5个耐盐等级:高耐3份、耐盐36份、中耐67份、敏感33份、高敏11份;油用亚麻亚群中各指标均显著高于纤维亚麻和兼用亚麻。【结论】 不同耐盐指标的最适筛选浓度不同。筛选出的3份高耐亚麻种质可用于亚麻耐盐育种及后续研究。油用亚麻相比兼用和纤用亚麻更耐盐。     

Genetic analysis of a CSR10 (indica) × Taraori Basmati F3 population segregating for salt tolerance using ISSR markers

Segregation for salinity tolerance and ISSR markers based molecular polymorphism were investigated in a F₃ plant population raised via single-seed descent method from a cross between salt-tolerant indica rice variety CSR10 and salt-susceptible premium traditional Basmati rice variety Taraori Basmati HBC19. A total of 130 F₃plants were evaluated individually for salinity tolerance on 1–9 scale on the basis of seedling growth parameters; the average score ranged between 1.7 to 8.3. Frequency distribution curve obtained using the salinity tolerance data of F₃ population and a chi-square analysis, showed a good fit to a normal distribution. Eleven plants each in the category of salt-tolerant and salt-susceptible were selected from the segregating F₃ population for ISSR marker analysis. A total of 149 bands (4–11 bands per primer) ranging from 200 to 3530 bp were scored for the two rice varieties and the selected CSR10 × HBC19 segregating F₃ plants using 26 ISSR primers. Of these, 89 were monomorphic and 60 were polymorphic. Of the 60 polymorphic bands,36 and 20 bands were specific to CSR10 andHBC19 respectively. The remaining four bands were amplified using UBC primers 810,848, 853 and 886 and present in only some of the CSR10 × HBC19 F₃ plants. Notably, ISSR primers with dinucleotide repeat motif and 5'-anchored end amplified more number of bands (7.0 bands/primer) compared to3'-anchored dinucleotide primers (5.4bands/primer), but 3'-anchored dinucleotide primers revealed higher level of polymorphism (2.6 polymorphic bands/primer) compared to 5'-anchoreddinucleotide primers (1.43 polymorphic bands/ primer). While distribution of majority of the polymorphic bands were more or less in the expected ratios in salt-tolerant and/or salt-sensitive F₃segregating plants, but some of the bands amplified using UBC ISSR primers 823, 825,826, 849, 853, 864, 866 and 884 showed highly skewed distribution. Such polymorphic bands stand greater chances of having a linkage with the genes/ QTLs for salinity tolerance and shall be the target for further studies. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

HVA1基因转化番茄及转基因番茄耐盐性的初步鉴定

本研究将含有HVA1基因的质粒pBY520与pCAMBIA2200构建成双元载体pH22,又在pBY520上加上MAR元件RB7后,再与pCAMBIA2200构建成双元载体pHR22。并将上述两个载体通过农杆菌介导转入番茄,获得24株转化植株,并经过PCR-Southern检测证明其中11株为转基因阳性,且均表现出一定的耐盐性,表明HVA1基因已被转入这些植株中。     

水稻耐盐转基因及分子标记的研究进展

回顾水稻耐盐性研究的历史;概述水稻的渗透调节物质如脯氨酸、海藻糖、甜菜碱、糖醇类等对盐胁迫的生理反应及转基因研究;介绍分子标记在水稻耐盐育种上的应用。