净水厂滤池反冲洗废水回用的试验研究

通过实验室烧杯试验,将滤池反冲洗废水直接与原水按一定比例混合进行混凝试验。采用聚合氯化铝PAC为混凝剂,在投量为60mg／L的条件下,对色度、浊度、CODMn及UV254的去除效果进行了考察。试验结果表明：反冲洗废水可以提高对原水浊度和色度的去除,不会提高出水的有机物含量。同时结果也显示,投加10％反冲洗废水不仅可以回收水量,而且可以达到改善混凝性能、提高混凝效率、减少混凝成本的目的,可以为水厂的运行提供参考。但是回收滤池反冲洗水明显提高了滤后水中细菌总数,给后续消毒工艺提出了更高的要求。     

试论我国农业和农村有机废弃物生物质碳产业化

我国农田秸秆和生活垃圾等农业和农村有机废弃物面广量大,其资源化处理一直没有得到根本性解决.开发高效低耗有机废弃物生物质碳工程转化产业化技术,以新型碳质产品就近回田回村实现农业循环.而服务于农业生产和农村生活,可能是农业和农村有机废弃物循环利用并促进农业固碳减排的最佳解决方案.新近已经开发出不同规格和型号的中小型生物质转...     

秦淮河底泥投放对盆栽前后土壤养分含量的影响

以秦淮河南京市区段疏浚底泥为研究对象,将底泥按不同的比例进行土地投放,并进行盆栽试验,分析种植前后混合土样中的有机质、氮、磷、钾以及重金属含量的变化情况。盆栽试验结果表明,底泥中大量有机质分解将会增加混合土壤中有机质、氮和磷等养分的含量,施用后可以明显提高土壤有机质和氮含量,有利于培肥改土。综合速效钾与5种重金属元素对于小麦生长的影响,泥土比为1：3时底泥与农田土壤混合能达到最理想状态,按照这个比例将秦淮河底泥添加到农田中,在一定程度上能够促进小麦的生长。     

浅谈给水排水工程节能节水措施

作者针对给排水系统工程特点并依据多年设计实践,总结了几点节能节水措施;阐明了通过减少不必要的浪费,可以达到节约水资源、节约能源的目的。     

Relationship of Conservation of Historic Buildings and Urban Construction

The conservation of historic buildings and their environment is an unavoidable problem in urban construction. In this paper, the authors give a few new thoughts about the problem. First, the historic buildings are important part of the core power in city competition.Second,the conservation work should be combined with their development. Third, a classified and multilevel system of protection and reuse of old buildings should be set up.     

Inspiration to Reuse of Old Industry Building with SOHO

This paper analyzes the SOHO and the reuse of old industry building, and deeply explores the creation and application of SOHO mode in the reuse of old industry building, furthermore, it points out the four inspirations to the reuse of old industry building, at the end, a general judgment of the development logic of SOHO is given.     

污水回用中的紫外线消毒技术

介绍了紫外线消毒的机理，通过试验考察粪大肠菌群的灭菌效率与紫外剂量的关系、粪大肠菌群的复活和再生现象及紫外消毒副产物的生成，为紫外线消毒技术在污水回用中的应用提供实验基础。     

先进设计技术在农业装备研究中的应用分析

现代装备企业及其产品的竞争力在很大程度上取决于能否以最快的速度向市场提供满足需求的产品,即是否有先进的设计方法支持科学、高效的研发过程。针对中国农业装备研发整体水平低,以及由于种类繁多和地域差异显著所导致的专业知识、结构形式、实践经验等庞杂,个体设计人员难以全面掌握,无法保证研发质量,严重制约产业发展及自主创新能力的问题,阐述并全面梳理了设计方法的发展历程,从而探讨适合农业装备的先进设计方法与发展方向,以支撑《中国制造2025》等国家重大发展规划对农业装备设定的战略目标的实现。研究表明,结合当前科技水平与社会背景,充分利用3D-CAD虚拟现实的优势与计算机技术的发展成果,基于数字技术的智能化设计是必然趋势,代表了先进设计的发展方向与最高水平。智能化设计以知识重用为特征,以数字模型资源化为基础,以产品数据管理(PDM)平台和产品生命周期管理(PLM)平台为载体,以广义的计算机辅助设计概念组织并贯通与设计相关的上下游方案论证、数字样机(DMU)、工程分析(CAE)、工艺流程(CAPP)等研发环节,实现各类计算机辅助技术CAX的高度集成,是人工智能(AI)在设计领域的实践运用。明确了当前先进设计的发展思路,为装备智能化设计系统的建立提供了基础理论与体系架构,对充分整合行业资源、共享成果与专业知识、提高研发效率和水平、提升中国农业装备企业及其产品的核心竞争力具有理论价值与实践指导意义。     

Sodicity and salinity in a Brazilian Oxisol cultivated with sugarcane irrigated with wastewater

Changes in soil sodicity-salinity parameters are one of the most characteristic alterations after treated sewage effluent (TSE) irrigation in agro-systems. Considering the importance of these parameters for agricultural management, as well as the economical value of sugarcane for Brazil, the present study aimed at evaluating effects on soil sodicity and salinity under tropical conditions over 16 months of TSE irrigation in a sugarcane plantation at Lins, São Paulo State, Brazil. Soil samplings were carried out in February 2005 (before planting), December 2005 (after 8 months of TSE irrigation) and September 2006 (after 16 months of TSE irrigation) following a complete block design with four treatments and four replicates. Treatments consisted of: (i) control, without TSE irrigation; (ii) T100, T150 and T200, with TSE irrigation supplying 100% (0% surplus, total of 2524 mm), 150% (50% surplus, total of 3832 mm) and 200% (100% surplus, total of 5092 mm) of crop water demand, respectively. Compared to initial soil conditions, at the end of the experiment increases of exchangeable sodium (from 2.4 to 5.9 mmol_c kg⁻¹), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) (from 8 to 18%), soluble Na (from 1.4 to 4.7 mmol L⁻¹) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of soil solution (from 3.6 to 12.6 (mmol L⁻¹)^0.5) were found in the soil profile (0-100 cm) as an average for the irrigated plots due to high SAR of TSE. Associated with the increments were mostly significant increases in clay dispersion rates at depths 0-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm. Electrical conductivity (EC) of soil solution increased during the TSE irrigation period whereas at the end of the experiment, after short term discontinuation of irrigation and harvest, EC in the topsoil (0-10 and 10-20 cm) decreased compared to the previous samplings. Moreover, despite increasing sodicity over time mainly insignificant differences within the different irrigated treatments were found in December 2005 and September 2006. This suggests that independent of varying irrigation amounts the increasing soil sodicity over time were rather caused by the continuous use of TSE than by its quantity applied. Moreover, also plant productivity showed no significant differences within the TSE irrigated plots. The study indicates that monitoring as well as remediation of soil after TSE irrigation is required for a sustainable TSE use in order to maintain agricultural quality parameters.     

粤北大宝山矿区污染成因与源头控制技术应用进展

韶关大宝山矿区周边兴起的无序民采和商业矿采活动对山体周边生态环境造成了巨大的破坏,严重威胁到当地居民的生命健康。为应对矿山生态退化、重金属污染及潜在生态环境等问题,矿区有效实施了水体治理和矿山生态环境修复等多项工程。本文在全面调研和搜集大宝山矿区污染现状相关资料的基础上,以清污分流、尾矿清淤、污水处理、植被恢复、矿山环境综合治理等工程实施内容及相关政策为依据,对大宝山矿区部分污染修复工程案例进行总结。并在全面分析矿山污染来源、横石河及其周边农田土壤、地下水的污染现状的基础上,简要归纳矿区目前所施行的治理工程及其成效,主要包括新山片区历史遗留矿山生态修复工程、铁龙新山片区清污分流工程、李屋拦泥库清淤工程以及尾矿库外排水处理厂工程。大宝山矿区采取的相关治理方法和理念可以为其他矿区的生态修复提供参考。