小型渔船号灯最小间距的研究

我国小型渔船(船长20～35米)捕鱼作业信号灯至今未能达到《1972年国际海上避碰规则(1989年修订本)》的要求。本文根据光学原理,对号灯间距分辨率进行了多次测试和研究,并根据我国渔船客观实际提出了小型渔船号灯设置最佳配置方案。     

A systematic approach to determine the impact of elevated CO2 levels on the chemical composition of wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Two wheat genetic lines (responsive and non-responsive to elevated CO₂) grown under ambient and free-air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) conditions were compared using fuzzy chromatography mass spectrometry (FCMS) metabolite fingerprinting. A more comprehensive survey of the changes in their chemical composition was made on selected samples using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) metabolomic profiling with high resolution accurate mass/tandem mass spectrometry (HRAM/MSⁿ). Principal component analysis (PCA) of the metabolite fingerprints showed four clusters for the two genetic lines (responsive and non-responsive) and the two CO₂ levels (ambient and elevated) in score plots. Metabolite profiling of representative samples for each of the four clusters identified 25 and 16 compounds from negative and positive data, respectively, including amino acids, saccharides, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and lipids. Loading plots demonstrated that some saccharides and lipids were responsible for discriminating between not only two genetic lines but also two CO₂ levels. Analysis of free amino acids (not bound) showed a clear pattern of reduced concentration for both lines with elevated CO₂. After acid hydrolysis, the responsive line 6 (41% increase in yield) showed the same pattern observed for free amino acids, but the non-responsive line 5 (6% increase in yield) showed different trends in concentrations of amino acids with elevated CO₂.     

A New Solution to Reduce Blocking Artifacts Introduced by Standard Fractal Methods

Fractal image coding techniques usually partition the input image into small range blocks. This artificially introduces boundaries into the image resulting in the unpleasant blocking artifacts in the decoded images especially at high compression rate. Because the effect is especially responsible for the restrictions of the block-based coders, the solutions must be sought to reduce this blockiness. Recently two possible schemes have been proposed by other researchers: One may try to use overlapping blocks in the fractal transform, and the other to employ the combined fractal wavelet approach. An alternative solution is proposed, which employs the bilinear interpolation techniques and the resolution independence of fractal coding, in the sense that an image can be decoded at higher or lower resolutions than the original. Experiments show that the proposed scheme can eliminate the blocking artifacts.     

TOPMODEL在水阳江流域的应用及模型对DEM昀敏感性检验

将TOPMODEL模型应用到安徽水阳江流域，检验其在湿润地区的径流模拟能力，得到了较好的模拟结果。同时，利用安徽水阳江流域不同分辨率的DEM数据，进行了DEM分辨率对TOPMODEL模型的模拟结果的敏感性实验分析，结果袁明，随着流域DEM数据分辨率的降低，模型的确定性系数也随之降低，模型对流域的DEM数据是敏感的。     

Proximal sensor-enhanced soil mapping in complex soil-landscape areas of Brazil

Portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometry and magnetic susceptibility (MS) via magnetometer have been increasingly used with terrain variables for digital soil mapping. However, this methodology is still emerging in many countries with tropical soils. The objective of this study was to use proximal soil sensor data associated with terrain variables at varying spatial resolutions to predict soil classes using the Random Forest (RF) algorithm. The study was conducted on a 316-ha area featuring highly variable soil classes and complex soil-landscape relationships in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The overall accuracy and Kappa index were evaluated using soils that were classified at 118 sites, with 90 being used for modeling and 28 for validation. Digital elevation models (DEMs) were created at 5-, 10-, 20-, and 30-m resolutions using contour lines from two sources. The resulting DEMs were processed to generate 12 terrain variables. Total Fe, Ti, and SiO₂ contents were obtained using pXRF, with MS determined via a magnetometer. Soil class prediction was performed using the RF algorithm. The quality of the soil maps improved when using only the five most important covariates and combining proximal sensor data with terrain variables at different spatial resolutions. The finest spatial resolution did not always provide the most accurate maps. The high soil complexity in the area prevented highly accurate predictions. The most important variables influencing the soil mapping were MS, Fe, and Ti. Proximal sensor data associated with terrain information were successfully used to map Brazilian soils at variable spatial resolutions.     

无人机机载激光雷达提取果树单木树冠信息

定株管理是未来果园精准生产管理的趋势,果树单木树冠信息的提取是定株管理的关键。该研究利用无人机采集的苹果园激光探测与测量数据（Light Detection and Ranging,LiDAR）检测和测量每棵果树的树冠面积和树冠直径,并评价空间分辨率对于果树单木树冠检测与提取的影响。该方法主要包括使用反距离权重插值法间接生成冠层高度模型（Canopy Height Model,CHM）;使用局部极大值滤波算法和标记控制分水岭分割算法（Marked-Controlled Watered Segmentation,MCWS）对果树进行单木树冠检测与提取,通过与参考数据的比较,评估了该方法的精度,并定量分析了空间分辨率对于单木树冠检测与信息提取结果的敏感性。结果表明,该方法有效地实现果树单木树冠检测与信息提取,代表果树检测精度的F1得分为94.86%,树冠轮廓提取准确率为86.39%,树冠面积的提取数据集和参考数据集的线性拟合结果决定系数和归一化均方根误差分别为0.81和20.56%,树冠直径的提取数据集和参考数据集的线性拟合结果决定系数和归一化均方根误差分别为0.85和14.79%,树冠面积和直径不同程度地被高估。此外,冠层高度模型的空间分辨率接近果树平均树冠直径的1/10时精度最高,可以有效检测果树单木树冠及提取树冠轮廓,从而准确提取果树单木树冠信息。     

基于高分辨率遥感影像的水土流失监测方法研究

以葫芦岛市为研究对象,根据区域土地利用类型和水土流失影响因子建立水土流失分级指标,运用RS和GIS技术获取水土流失影响因子信息并进行空间叠加分析,实现对区域水土流失状况进行调查、分析和管理,具有快速、准确、客观、经济等优点。该研究方法能够及时掌握区域水土流失现状、水土保持治理状况、水土流失动态变化等信息,为建立水土流失动态监测数据库、实现对水土流失进行动态监测奠定基础,从而有效地促进水土保持工作的顺利开展。     

DEM栅格分辨率对多元线性土壤—景观模型及其制图应用的影响

以亚热带丘陵地区为对象,以该区4 km×3 km的5 m、10 m、15 m、20 m、25 m、30 m数字高程模型(DEM)为基础,建立多元线性土壤景观模型,并应用该模型预测研究区内土壤表层有机质含量分布,进而比较不同分辨率DEM中土壤景观模型及其预测制图的精度。结果表明:在本研究区11 km2范围内,随着DEM栅格分辨率降低,坡度、曲率、比汇水面积(对数)频度均表现出了向其中值区集中的趋势;地形因子的这一变化规律对土壤景观模型的影响较小,例如模型的变量、变量系数及R2在不同分辨率DEM中的差异很小;但地形因子的这一变化规律对模型预测制图的精度具有较大影响,各项指标均说明,模型在10~25 m DEM中的制图精度较高,而在更高分辨率(5 m)或更低分辨率(30 m)DEM中较低。本研究结果对其他亚热带丘陵地区具有一定的指示意义。     

中尺度土壤预测制图中地形变量提取的适宜分辨率探讨

地形变量是土壤预测制图中重要的预测变量之一,为了满足中尺度土壤预测制图的精度要求,又能够减少数据的冗余,需要选择合适分辨率范围的地形变量。基于ASTER GDEM数据,对不同地形起伏状况的3个样区,通过重采样得到30 m、60 m、90 m、120 m、150 m共5组不同分辨率的DEM数据,分别选取土壤预测制图中常用的高程、坡度、平面曲率和剖面曲率4组地形变量,通过地形信息熵、局部方差均值以及比例尺和空间分辨率的关系,选取巢湖流域用于土壤预测制图的地形变量提取的适宜分辨率范围。研究表明:对于特定比例尺的土壤预测制图,地形变量的提取需要综合考虑两个因素:一是土壤预测制图的比例尺,二是地形变量提取的分辨率。中尺度土壤预测制图地形变量提取的适宜分辨率为30m,既能保留有实际意义的地形信息,又能满足土壤预测制图的精度要求。