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1.
竹材弦面纵向切削的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了竹材弦面纵向切削的3种切削方式(单劈刀切削、单刨刀切削及并列式双刨刀切削)及单刨刀切削时的切削阻力,结果表明:对竹材采用劈或刨的切削方式,均可进行弦面纵向切削并能获得质量较好的竹蔑。竹材的节间、节部、切削厚度、含水率及切削速度等因素对切削阻力均有不同程度的影响。节部切削阻力明显高于节间切削阻力;切削阻力随切削厚度的增大而增大,两者成线性关系;含水率增大时,节间切削阻力减小,而节部切削阻力变化不大;切削速度增大时,节间切削阻力基本上是下降的,而节部切削阻力是增大的。 相似文献
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The relationship between fine-scale spatial patterns of forage abundance and the feeding patterns of large ungulates is not well known. We compared these patterns for areas grazed in winter by elk and bison in a sagebrush-grassland landscape in northern Yellowstone National Park. At a fine scale, the spatial distribution of mapped feeding stations in 30 m × 30 m sites was found to be random where there were no large patches devoid of vegetation. In areas similar to the mapped sites, the underlying spatial distribution pattern of biomass was also determined to be random. At a broad scale, forage biomass differed among communities across the northern range but forage quality did not. These results suggest that ungulates are feeding randomly within forage patches (fine scale) but may select feeding sites based upon forage abundance at broader, landscape scales. Contrary to what has been suggested in other systems, ungulates were not overmatching at finer scales. 相似文献
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Fritz Hervé Saïd Sonia Renaud Pierre-Cyril Mutake Snoden Coid Craig Monicat François 《Landscape Ecology》2003,18(3):293-302
After the eradication of the Tse-Tse fly in the Mid-Zambezi valley, human settlements and fields extended mainly along the main rivers. In order to investigate the consequences of this human development on wildlife diversity we monitored three rivers of the Mid-Zambezi valley in Zimbabwe: Angwa, Manyame and Kadzi. The rivers were divided in segments of 200 m which were checked for spoors in order to assess the number of species and the number of individuals that used the segments. Human settlements were also recorded. We used a GIS to define the spatial characteristics of the fields present along the rivers, and related them to the distribution and abundance of wild species spoors in the river beds and banks. Our results show that the number of species in one segment of the river decreased with the increasing size of the field area bordering the segment. For all the major ungulate species, the numbers of individuals recorded per segment decreased with increasing field area. A similar trend was observed for small and medium-sized carnivores, though they were in lower numbers when present. Our analyses thus confirm that the extension of human agriculture in wildlife areas has an impact on most wild species, but we also define some threshold value of field size above which there seem to be an acceleration of the decrease in wildlife density and diversity: 3.2 ha for medium and small herbivores and carnivores; only the elephant seem to tolerate larger field area with a threshold value of 32 ha.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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晋西昕水河流域生态经济型防护林体系景观格局动态分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
包晓斌 《干旱区资源与环境》1997,11(4):22-27
本文以晋西昕水河流域为典型实例,概述了流域生态经济型防护林体系建设背景。依据流域内各类型区在不同时段的土地利用结构和生态经济特征,进行流域生态经济型防护林体系景观格局变化分析,表明了流域内景观多样性和异质性不断增加的发展趋势,以及确定各区主要发展方向,实行综合开发与治理的必要性,并提出了相应的流域生态经济型防护林体系动态调控途径。 相似文献
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Maurice Keith R. Welch Joan M. Brown Christopher P. Latham Roger Earl 《Landscape Ecology》2004,19(6):603-620
The Pocono mesic till barrens (PMTB) are a unique assemblage of fire-maintained shrub communities that support numerous rare species. Historically these barrens covered a large area in the vicinity of Long Pond, Pennsylvania, USA. However, due largely to regional fire suppression instituted in the early 1960s, over 70% of the area covered by barrens succeeded to fire-intolerant forest that does not support the rare species. We investigated the influence of forest proximity on barrens succession across three geomorphic types during periods of high fire frequency and fire suppression, testing the hypothesis that forest processes such as seed rain, shading, and detrital enrichment of soils enhances barrens succession through a contagion effect. Evidence of a forest contagion effect should be shown by increased rates of barrens succession with increasing proximity to the nearest forest edge. In order to detect a forest contagion effect, barrens persistence and barrens succession were modeled in proximity zones of 0-50 m, 50-100 m, 100-200 m, and greater than 200 m from the nearest forest edge. We used existing GIS data layers for fire, geomorphology, and vegetation distribution in 1938, 1963, and 1992. The layers were modified and overlain using ArcView software to determine persistence and succession rates for each unique combination of layers in each proximity zone from 1938 to 1963 (pre-fire suppression) and 1963 to 1992 (post-fire suppression). ANCOVA results indicate that proximity to the nearest forest edge significantly affected barrens persistence rates in both time periods, but succession rates were significantly affected in 1938 to 1963 only. Twenty-eight percent of the 1938 barrens succeeded to forest by 1963; 56% of the 1963 barrens became forest by 1992. Results support previous findings that barrens persistence is enhanced by increased fire frequency, and that barrens persist longer where they overlie flat glacial till than on other geomorphology types. 相似文献
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成渝地区位于中国西部、长江上游,生态区位重要,生态地位突出,是支撑“一带一路”、长江经济带的纽带与核心腹地。区域内竹资源丰富,竹产业优势独特,在全国竹产业发展中占有重要地位。文章围绕“成渝地区双城经济圈建设”国家重大区域发展战略,聚焦国家和区域战略需求,坚持问题导向、目标导向、市场导向,坚持创新驱动发展,从战略高度,按照现代产业“延伸产业链、融通供应链、提升价值链”的要求,对竹产业助推成渝地区双城经济圈建设进行探讨,分析竹产业发展优势和突出问题,谋划四川竹产业高质量发展布局,提出了重点实施“智慧竹业、人文竹业、商贸竹业”3大工程的建议。 相似文献