中国松材线虫病专题文献分析

以1989-2005年《中国期刊全文数据库》、《中文科技期刊数据库》收录的松材线虫病研究文献为依据,采用文献计量学的方法,对松材线虫病研究文献的数量、主要文献源及文献来源期刊的类别、文献主题类型、文献内容等方面进行统计分析和讨论．从一个侧面反映我国松材线虫病研究的现状和发展趋势。     

遵义红军山松材线虫病预防与对策

遵义红军山和红花岗风景林坐落于遵义市区中心,山上有集中连片的马尾松林570．33hm^2,主要树种为马尾松,与遵义县龙坑镇松材线虫病疫点直线距离不足15km。该片松林所处的政治地位、生态地位、社会地位都具有特别重要的位置,对于如何保护好山上的一草一木,使该片马尾松林免遭松材线虫病的毁灭性危害,笔者提出预防设想与对策。     

The use of Verticillium dahliae and Diplodia scrobiculata to induce resistance in Pinus halepensis against Diplodia pinea infection

The pathogenic fungi Verticillium alboatrum and Diplodia scrobiculata were assayed for biological control of Diplodia pinea on Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) in Catalonia (north-eastern Spain). Young shoots were pre-treated with inoculations of either V. dahliae or D. scrobiculata, by placing colonized agar plugs on wounds made by removing a single needle fascicle. An inoculation with D. pinea was performed 15 days later. Two months after the shoot inoculations, the canker length on the stems was measured and the percentage of shoot dieback calculated. Verticillium dahliae and D. scrobiculata were found to significantly reduce the canker length of D. pinea (P < 0.05) when compared with positive controls. Diplodia pinea was slightly more sensitive to V. dahliae than to D. scrobiculata, but no significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in the mean canker length between the two treatments. Trees pre-inoculated with V. dahliae resulted in 31.12% shoot dieback, while those pre-inoculated with D. scrobiculata resulted in 32.18% shoot dieback, compared with positive controls (42.85%).     

湿加松扦插繁殖配套技术

文章从扦插繁殖基地建设和技术环节两方面来阐述湿加松扦插繁殖配套技术。在基地建设方面,提出分区建设思路,将基地区分为生产区和配套设施两大部分,其中生产区包括采穗圃、扦插圃、炼苗圃,配套设施包括7个部分,并就基地总体布局、各区建设要点和使用设施等作了详细说明。以年产100万株扦插苗的规模为例,对基地的建设投资进行了概算。在技术方面,重点介绍了采穗母株培育技术、采穗圃营建技术、扦插繁殖技术和出圃苗木的管理技术。并对营建湿加松扦插繁殖基地的投资收益与风险作了分析。对新建湿加松扦插繁殖苗圃具有指导意义。     

感染松材线虫病松树滑刃目线虫调查

 本研究首次在全国范围内调查感染松材线虫病松树体内滑刃目线虫的种群组成,包括种类记述和数量组成分析。结果表明:在300份样品中共分离得到10种滑刃目线虫,隶属于3科、4属,其中有2个国内新记录种;它们是松材线虫、拟松材线虫、霍夫曼尼伞滑刃线虫、薄荷滑刃线虫、大核滑刃线虫、小麦长尾线虫(国内新记录种)、爱尔密那长尾线虫(国内新记录种)、李氏长尾线虫、吴氏长尾线虫和外滑刃科线虫一种;描述并且图示比较它们的形态特征。种群数量组成分析表明:松材线虫在感病松树体内占据绝对的优势,削弱了松树线虫群落组成的多样性,即线虫群落结构趋向单一化。研究还表明,利用长尾属线虫的捕食习性来控制中国松材线虫病的流行与危害值得进一步探索与研究。     

透光抚育对“栽针保阔”红松林中红松生长过程的影响

[目的]通过研究长白山地区不同透光抚育强度下"栽针保阔"阔叶红松林中红松的生长情况,揭示透光抚育对"栽针保阔"红松林中红松生长过程的影响规律,旨在为阔叶红松林的恢复、经营提供有力的科学依据。[方法]研究5种透光抚育(未采伐对照、低度择伐、中度择伐、强度择伐及上层皆伐)对红松生长的影响。[结果]红松在群落中的地位随着透光抚育强度的增大逐步得到提升,同时透光抚育能够显著提高"栽针保阔"红松林内红松优势木(63.4%~146.5%、64.6%~158.6%)、平均木(57.9%~271.1%、42.5%~261.7%)和被压木(56.5%~182.6%、95.5%~245.5%)的树高和胸径,且呈现出随透光抚育强度的增大而递增的规律性。[结论]透光抚育能显著提高红松树高和胸径生长。     

Prediction of pine mistletoe infection using remote sensing imaging: A comparison of the artificial neural network model and logistic regression model

In this study, the prediction of pine mistletoe distribution in Scots pine ecosystems was explored using remote sensing variables to compare the multilayer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network (ANN) and logistic regression (LR) model performances. For this purpose, 109 sample plots were distinguished in pure Scots pine forests (natural) in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. Distinguishing mistletoe-infected stands (69) and uninfected stands (40) was performed with field observations. The variables acquired from Landsat 8 (Level 1) images were used as independent variables for independent-sample t-test, MLP ANN and LR models. Remote sensing variables indicated that mistletoe-infected stands were in drier areas with a lower vegetation-leaf area index. Based on the performance results of both models, the sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of the MLP ANN model were superior to those of the LR model. The prediction percentages (SEN, SPE, PPV and NPV) of mistletoe-infected stands were better than the prediction percentages of uninfected stands. The prediction accuracies of LR and MLP ANN models were 74.3% and 89.6%, respectively. However, all remote sensing variables were included in the prediction equation of the MLP ANN model, while the thermal infrared 1 (TIRS1) variable was included in the LR model. In the MLP ANN model, the TIRS1 variable also had the highest normalized importance (100%). The area under the curve (AUC) value for identifying the mistletoe-infected stands of Scots pine forests used by the MLP ANN model (0.892 ± 0.034) was higher than in the LR model (0.838 ± 0.039), explaining the more accurate predictions obtained from the MLP ANN model. The MLP ANN model showed much better performance than the LR model. The results of this study are expected to make important contributions to the identification of potential mistletoe-infected areas.     

外源多胺对油松幼苗生长及抗旱性的影响

采用盆栽PEG处理的方法摸拟干旱条件,研究了干旱条件下外源多胺对油松幼苗生长和抗旱性的影响.结果表明,在正常和干旱条件下,外源多胺均能促进油松幼苗的生长,且干旱条件下的促进效果更为显著.干旱条件下外源多胺能提高光合速率和水分利用效率,促进有机渗透调节物质的积累,维持或提高SOD和CAT活性,降低膜相对透性和MDA含量,防止或降低了膜脂过氧化作用对膜的伤害.这些结果表明干旱条件下外源多胺能恢复或维持植物的正常代谢水平,提高植物的抗旱性.     

枫桦红松林凋落物分解真菌生态群的研究

小兴安岭枫桦红松林凋落物分解真菌生态群共签定出99属种,其中树上活体分解寄生菌10种、兼性菌5种,微型腐生菌36个属、腐生担子菌47种。根据凋落物分解真菌在分解过程中所处的生态位不同,分为四个生态群:叶面寄生分解真菌(以Melampsora, Uncinula等为代表)、叶面兼性分解真菌(以Mycosphaerella,Lophodermium为代表)、叶栖初生腐生分解真菌(以Lophodermium nitens为典型代表)、叶栖习居次生腐生分解真菌(微型真菌以Alternaria,Trichoderme等为代表,腐生担子菌以Clitocybe,Russula等为代表)。在凋落物分解真菌方面,为枫桦红松林生态系统研究,提供了重要科学资料。     

马尾松人工林可燃物负荷量和燃损量的动态预测

森林可燃物是森林燃烧的物质基础,是林火行为预报的基本依据之一。基于森林燃烧和蔓延规律,选取地表层、树冠层为建模单元;利用林分因子和火环境因子,通过多元回归分析方法,建立了低山丘陵区马尾松人工林幼龄林及中龄林可燃物类型的可燃物负荷量和可燃物烧损量模型。