草莓叶柄再生不定芽的研究

以吐德拉、全明星、丰香、哈尼等4个草莓品种的组培苗为试验材料,诱导其叶柄再生不定芽。研究结果表明,在供试草莓品种中,吐德拉、全明星的叶柄再生率明显高于丰香和哈尼,叶柄基部再生率明显高于中上部,适宜叶柄再生的培养基为MS＋TDZ 1.0~1.5 mg/L＋NAA 0.05 mg/L。     

盐芥愈伤组织的诱导及悬浮细胞的培养特性

为建立稳定的盐芥悬浮细胞系,以盐芥(山东生态型)为材料,研究了不同激素及其不同质量浓度配比下叶柄及叶片愈伤组织的诱导情况,并初步探讨了盐芥悬浮细胞的培养特性.结果表明:6-BA与2,4-D、NAA不同质量浓度组合均能诱导出愈伤,其中叶柄诱导率为100％,叶片诱导率偏低且出愈时间晚于叶柄.并且6-BA与NAA组下2种外植体均能分化出芽,2.0 mg/L6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA组合下盐芥叶柄的分化率高达57％.按照通常每7d继代1次,50 mL液体培养基中盐芥悬浮细胞接种量以10.0 mL比较合适.     

五叶地锦离体培养及植株再生

以五叶地锦(Parthenocissus quinquefolia)子叶柄、下胚轴、叶片为外植体进行离体培养,以1/2 MS、B5和Heller为基本培养基,附加不同浓度的细胞分裂素(6-BA,KT, TDZ)及生长素(NAA)诱导下胚轴直接再生不定芽.实验结果表明,暗处理30 d,靠近下胚轴的子叶柄接种在1/2 MS 0.3 mg·L-16-BA培养基上,其不定芽分化率最高达64.67%;下胚轴接种在1/2 MS 2.0 mg·L-1KT 0.05 mg·L-1NAA和Heller 0.5 mg·L-1BA 0.1 mg·L-1NAA培养基上,其不定芽分化率接近,达到24%左右;无菌苗的叶片接种在B5 0.5 mg·L-1TDZ 0.05 mg·L-1NAA培养基上,其不定芽分化率达17.7%.芽增殖培养基为1/2 MS 0.5 mg·L-16-BA 0.1 mg·L-1NAA增殖系数为3～5, 1/2 MS 0.5 mg·L-1IBA 500 mg·L-1活性炭适于再生幼苗的生根,生根苗经移栽全部成活.     

矾根‘莓果’不定芽诱导与快速繁殖

【目的】为了筛选出适于矾根‘莓果’组培快繁的最佳培养基配方,并初步建立其离体繁殖技术体系,从而给矾根种质保存和分子育种提供技术支撑。【方法】分别以矾根‘莓果’的叶片和叶柄为试材,研究了不同浓度的植物生长调节剂对其不定芽诱导率、增殖和生根的影响情况:先分别将叶片和叶柄接种于添加了不同浓度TDZ或6-BA的MS培养基上,55 d后统计其诱导率和出芽数;然后将诱导的丛生芽转移至添加了不同浓度6-BA的MS培养基上进行增殖培养,30 d后观察并记录其增殖系数和生长状况;再将试管苗置于添加了不同浓度的NAA和IBA的1/2MS培养基上进行生根培养,30 d后观测其生根率、生根数和根长。【结果】在适宜的培养基上,矾根叶片和叶柄的不定芽诱导率分别达到86.11%和91.67%,其平均出芽数分别为3.20和2.73个;其丛生芽的增殖系数达到3.97,且植株生长快,长势健壮;其试管苗的生根率达到95.0%,试管苗的生长健壮,且其单株平均生根数最高,达到47.6条。【结论】建立了高效的矾根离体培养体系:矾根叶片和叶柄不定芽诱导的最适培养基均为MS+1.0 mg/L的6-BA+0.1 mg/L的NAA;其丛生芽增殖的适宜培养基是MS+0.5 mg/L的6-BA;其试管苗生根的适宜培养基是1/2MS+1.0 mg/L的NAA。     

Wine Grape Tissue Nutrient Concentrations in the Inland Pacific Northwest

Soil and plant tissue testing is routinely used by growers to assess the status of their crops to determine what, if any, supplemental fertilizers are needed to reach both quality and quantity production goals. In wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) production, leaf tissue testing is often used as the primary assessment tool for in-season fertilizer adjustment. In this project, we conducted a 3-year survey to evaluate actual leaf nutrient concentrations for comparison with published tissue nutrient guidelines. Leaf petiole and blade samples were collected from six different wine grape cultivars (two white, four red) from eight different sites that geographically encompass Washington's Columbia Valley American Viticultural Area (AVA) (inclusively), the Milton–Freewater area in Oregon, and the Parma area in Idaho. These are all low-rainfall areas (<450 mm/year) in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). Leaf samples (petioles and blades) were collected at bloom and veraison and analyzed for nutrients by a commercial laboratory. Concurrently, replicated nitrogen (N) rate trials were conducted on two Riesling and two Merlot vineyards in the Columbia Valley AVA. The same tissue-sampling technique was employed on grapevines receiving from 0 to 67 kg ha^–1 N for up to 4 consecutive years. Results from the vineyard survey and from the N-rate trials show that many of the nutrient concentrations in the sampled tissues fall outside of the ranges currently considered normal or adequate in published standards. However, grapes from the survey and trial sites were all of sufficiently high quality for production of premium wines. This suggests that currently published standards are not appropriate for use in regulated deficit-irrigated wine grapes in the low rainfall areas of the inland PNW.