十种常用农药与球孢白僵菌的生物学相容性

球孢白僵菌孢子粉与10种常用农药相容性的测定结果显示,随着孢子浓度上升,所试农药对孢子的抑制作用均有不同程度的增强。在1/10田间常规使用浓度下,百菌清和代森锰锌均能抑制或杀死孢子(萌发率<1％)。除阿维菌素外,所有杀虫剂均与白僵菌孢子相容,在常规使用浓度的10倍稀释液中孢子萌发率达90％以上。吡虫啉、蚜虱灵、灭多威和氟虫腈与孢子的相容性最好,其中吡虫啉和蚜虱灵对孢子萌发率的影响不明显随药剂浓度的变化而变化,即使在田间常规使用浓度下孢子萌发率也在95％以上,而阿维菌素与白僵菌的相容性极差。因此,应用白僵菌制剂防治害虫,选择生物学相容性好的农药以低剂量与白僵菌制剂混用,既可使菌剂增效,又可大幅度降低化学药剂用量。     

多杀菌素等新杀虫剂对粘虫的杀虫活性

浸叶法证明，多杀菌素(spinosad)、乙酰氨基阿维菌素和虫螨腈比阿维菌素对粘虫表现出更高的杀虫活性。其杀虫活性分别比阿维菌素高5倍、8倍和3．7倍。     

Being exposed to low concentrations of pirimiphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr has detrimental effects on the mobility of Trogoderma granarium

BACKGROUND

Sublethal effects of insecticides may negatively affect several biological and behavioral traits of insects. The lethal effects of pirimiphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr have been previously showed on Trogoderma granarium, but little knowledge is available about their sublethal effects at low concentrations on both sexes. Herein, the sublethal effects of pirimiphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr on the mobility of T. granarium males and females were investigated.

RESULTS

Lethal concentration (LC) values of pirimiphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr were lower for T. granarium females than males. LC values on males were LC₁₀ = 0.000788 and 0.00139 mg active ingredient (a.i.) cm⁻², LC₃₀ = 0.00350 and 0.00535 mg a.i. cm⁻², and LC₅₀ = 0.00986 and 0.0136 mg a.i. cm⁻² for pirimiphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr respectively. LC on females were LC₁₀ = 0.000704 and 0.00110 mg a.i. cm⁻², LC₃₀ = 0.00323 and 0.00428 mg a.i. cm⁻², and LC₅₀ = 0.00925 and 0.0110 mg a.i. cm⁻² for pirimiphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr respectively. The walking duration of beetles exposed to LC₃₀ of pirimiphos-methyl was significantly lower than the individuals exposed to LC₁₀ and LC₃₀ of both insecticides and control ones. Pirimiphos-methyl LC₃₀-exposed males remained more time on their back (101.7 s) than females (46.9 s), while the latter stayed immobile longer than males (381.7 s versus 371.9 s). The highest speed was recorded for control beetles (14.17 mm s⁻¹ females vs. 12.44 mm s⁻¹ males), while the lowest speed was observed in pirimiphos-methyl LC₃₀-treated males (8.36 mm s⁻¹) and females (9.66 mm s⁻¹).

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, males and females exposed to low concentrations of pirimiphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr showed reduced motility. This knowledge can be exploited further to unlock behavioral effects of insecticides for effective pest management programs in warehouses. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.     

氯虫苯甲酰胺和氟虫腈对黏虫细胞色素P450基因表达的影响

为筛选出黏虫Mythimna separata参与杀虫剂解毒代谢的主效细胞色素P450基因,采用叶片浸渍法测定了用于处理黏虫3龄幼虫的亚致死浓度,通过构建转录组测序文库并结合数字基因表达(digital gene expression,DGE)对不同处理的黏虫进行测序,并运用实时荧光定量PCR(realtime quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RT-qPCR)技术验证12个P450基因的表达情况。结果表明,用于处理黏虫的氯虫苯甲酰胺和氟虫腈亚致死浓度LC_(10)分别为0.15、13.66 mg/L;对照样品、氟虫腈处理样品和氯虫苯甲酰胺处理样品分别获得59 521 504、64 838 148和41 722 990个原始序列数据,分别获得57 441 216、62 368 912和40 285 164个过滤后的序列数据;过滤后的序列长度分别为8.62、9.36和6.04 G;碱基错误率均为0.02%;Phred数值大于20、30的碱基占总碱基的百分比均高于90.59%;鸟嘌呤+胞嘧啶(guanine cytosine,GC)含量分别为47.16%、48.94%和47.55%,表明转录组测序质量较高;黏虫受氯虫苯甲酰胺胁迫后,29个P450基因表达量上调,27个P450基因表达量下调;黏虫受氟虫腈胁迫后,23个P450基因表达量上调,26个P450基因表达量下调;12个P450基因表达量的RT-qPCR技术检测结果与DGE测序文库显示的结果基本一致。     

无公害优质玉米生产的市场需求及发展趋势

为提高新形势下我国无公害玉米生产的品质和产量,详细阐述我国大力发展无公害优质玉米生产的必要性,探讨无公害优质玉米在国内外市场的需求潜力及我国面临的问题,分析无公害玉米的国内外发展现状及总的发展趋势。     

雷公藤对菜青虫的毒理效应及防治试验

本试验研究了雷公藤属(Tripterygium)二种植物(雷公藤(T.wilfordii)及昆明山海棠,(T.hypoglaucum)的抽提物对青菜虫(Pieis rapae)的一些室内毒理效应及田间防治试验。结果表明,二种植物的抽提物对菜青虫具有拒食、毒杀,抑制生长发育等作用;处理后的幼虫大多数在体表出现黑斑,黑斑部分的表皮结构受到破坏;从昆明山海棠中抽提的一种纯生物碱——雷公藤次碱对菜青虫的体重和呼吸作用有严重的影响;同时,处理幼虫的脂肪体少且不饱满,消化道干瘪,中肠肠壁细胞和围食膜受到破坏。雷公藤根皮乙醇抽提物用于田间防治菜青虫效果良好。     

蔬菜型甘薯新品种——百薯1号的主要特点及利用价值

与其他蔬菜型甘薯品种相比,百薯1号具有食味好、无绒毛、分枝多、茎蔓短、株型半直立、适合密植、茎尖产量高、薯块产量高、茎节无次生根,适合高水肥种植等多种突出优点。百薯1号营养价值丰富,与多种常用蔬菜相比较,在32种主要营养成分中,百薯1号的蛋白质、脂肪、维生素C、B2、钙、磷、钾、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸等18种营养成分均居第一位。百薯1号自身抗病虫能力强,田间生长过程中无需喷施农药,是理想的无公害绿色蔬菜,具有较高的开发利用价值。     

马尾松毛虫对几种杀虫剂的毒力基线

对马尾松毛虫对溴氰菊酯和敌百虫等 2种杀虫剂的敏感毒力基线进行了研究。结果表明 :敌百虫和溴氰菊酯对马尾松毛虫的致死中量LD50 分别为 0 2 1 81 μg·g-1和 1 2 4 61× 1 0 -4μg·g-1,其b值分别为 4 8和 4 9。由于b值远大于 1 ,说明供试马尾松毛虫种群对这 2种药剂的异质性小 ,敏感性好 ,测得结果可作为相对敏感毒力基线。表 1参 7