松针叶绿素－胡萝卜素软膏稳定性的研究

松针叶绿素－胡萝卜素软膏中含有β－胡萝卜素、维生素Ｅ、叶绿素等生物活性物质，这些物质的不足之处是稳定性较差．试验结果表明，松针叶绿素－胡萝卜素软膏在室、温避光条件下贮藏１年，不同品种产品中生物活性物质降低幅度是不同的．马尾松针叶叶绿素－胡萝卜素软膏产品中生物活性物质降低幅度分别为（％）：β－胡萝卜素１２．４，维生素Ｅ９．９，叶绿素１０．４；赤松针叶叶绿素－胡萝卜素软膏产品中生物活性物质降低幅度分别为（％）：β－胡萝卜素２５，１，维生素Ｅ．１６．４，叶绿素１２．８；樟子松针叶叶绿素－胡萝卜素软膏产品中生物活性物质降低幅度分别为（％）：β－胡萝卜素１４．８，维生素Ｅ１２．３，叶绿素２４．０．马尾松针叶叶绿素－胡萝卜素软膏产品，在室温避光条件下贮藏１５年，β－胡萝卜素损失４８．１％，维生素Ｅ损失１８．９％，叶绿素损失２９．６％．     

榆林市风沙区杨树叶和松针不同生长期营养成分分析

由于大部分养殖户或养殖场对杨树叶和松针可以作为饲料原料来合理利用的了解甚少,以致于榆林市杨树及松针资源在饲料行业上的应用还不是很广泛。笔者通过对榆阳区西北风沙区2007年4、7、9、10月份(生长初期—落叶期)杨树叶和松针的主要营养成分进行测定,并对比分析,结果表明:两样本的粗纤维随生长的进行均呈明显上升趋势,而粗蛋白则均呈明显下降趋势,但粗脂肪、粗灰分、钙、磷、有机物、无氮浸出物等成分均无明显规律性。同时,杨树叶在生长的过程中粗蛋白、粗纤维含量变化趋势明显,而松针的则变化相对平稳。通过笔者的研究可以为榆林市开发杨树和松针资源作为饲料原料来利用提供一些有用的数据,并就杨树叶和松针做为榆林节粮饲料原料的利用方法上提一些建议供参考。     

马尾松针中黄酮类物质的提取研究

通过薄层层析、颜色反应及红外光谱对马尾松针中的黄酮类物质进行了定性鉴定。以φ=60%乙醇为提取溶剂,采用L9(34)正交试验设计,探讨了提取温度、料液的质量与体积比(物料比)、提取时间等因素对马尾松针黄酮类物质提取量的影响。研究结果表明,各试验因素对马尾松针黄酮类物质提取量的影响依提取温度、料液的质量与体积比(物料比)、提取时间因素顺次降低,当提取温度为75℃、提取时间为3 h、料液比(W/V)为1∶25时,提取效果最好,黄酮类物质提取量为26.3 mg/g。     

松针纤维素降解菌系筛选及产酶条件研究

为研究松针纤维素降解菌系,通过刚果红纤维素平板鉴别初筛菌株,以CMC、滤纸和微晶纤维素3种酶活性高低进行复筛,从土壤中分离筛选出3株松针纤维素分解能力较强的菌株。将复筛获得的菌株进行组合培养,并与其单独培养时酶活大小进行比较,得到1个酶活最佳组合,其CMC、滤纸和微晶纤维素3种酶活力分别为83.39、35.84和122.54 IU,均比单菌株各酶活力高。对该组合产酶条件研究结果表明,该组合在以硝酸钠为氮源,6.0为起始p H时,加入表面活性剂聚乙二醇400时产酶最佳,CMC、滤纸和微晶纤维素3种酶活力分别达到98.03、50.84和140.06 IU。     

雪岭云杉针叶叶绿素—胡萝卜素软膏精油化学组成的研究

雪岭云杉针叶叶绿素－胡萝卜素软膏中含精油１．５６％，其中主要成分为乙酸冰片酯，α－荣烯，和Δ＾３－蒈烯等。分离共鉴定出２５个化合物，占精油总量的９８．１９％。研究发现，雪岭云杉针叶片叶绿素－胡萝卜软膏的精油中含有大量的乙酸冰片酯，其量超过精油总量的一半，乙酸冰片酯是制造樟脑和香精的好原料。     

Leaf conductance of primary and mature leaves ofPinus roxburghii: A comparison

We used a null-balance porometer to measure leaf conductance of mature and primary leaves of natural seedlings, saplings, and trees ofPinus roxburghii (chir) during autumn at four sites at 1,320–1,930 m elevation in the central Himalaya of India. Our hypothesis that primary leaves had higher leaf conductance than mature leaves (needles in fascicles), based on measurements in other pines, was rejected. Comparisons on the same saplings and seedlings showed lower leaf conductance for primary leaves than for mature leaves. Primary leaves on seedlings and saplings also did not consistently have higher leaf conductance than mature leaves on near-by trees. Mature leaves on seedlings, however, did often have higher conductance than mature leaves on nearby trees. Mean values for leaf conductance (mmol m⁻² s⁻¹, based on total leaf surface area) ranged from 42–82 for mature leaves on trees, 60–121 for mature leaves on seedlings, and 28–67 for primary leaves on seedlings. Compared to published values for other pine species, conductance of mature leaves ofP. roxburghii is relatively low. Funding for this study was provided by grants from the United States National Science Foundation, INT-9312052 and INT-9404043. We appreciate the review of an early draft by Barbara Bond.     

松针维生素原浓缩物的研制和应用

维生素原浓缩物是一种橙黄色油质产品,经分析含有β-胡萝卜素(约0.25％)、维生索E(约1％)、叶绿醇(约25％)和谷甾醇等生物活性物质。临床应用表明,可作化妆品(发乳和美容霜)的生物活性成分。制备1公斤维生素原浓缩物,约需新鲜马尾松嫩枝叶100公斤。     

Potential use of visible and near-infrared spectroscopy for pine species discrimination by examination of needles

The correct identification of pine species is necessary for proper application of wood in forest?based industries, since the quality of each species’ wood depends on factors intrinsic to the material. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential use of near?infrared and visible spectroscopy in the discrimination of pine species planted in southern Brazil. Needles of Pinus clausa, P. glabra, P. kesiya, P. oocarpa, P. palustris, P. pseudostrobus, P. rigida, P. roxburghii and P. serotina were collected from experimental plantations located in the region of Rio Negro, Paraná, Brazil. The needles were dried and milled for analysis. The evaluation was performed with a spectral range of 400–750?nm (visible) and 1 000–2 500?nm (near?infrared). Analysis using the visible spectra resulted in two principal components explaining 95% of the variation between the needle samples. In the near?infrared analysis, it was possible to discriminate between all nine pine species studied using only two principal components, where the first explained 99% of the variation between species. Spectroscopy based on needles can be used for pine species discrimination, using the original data without mathematical treatment, in southern Brazil.     

包头市针叶红化油松与正常油松土壤理化性质对比研究

为分析包头市油松红叶病症状与土壤理化性质的关系,在包头市选择了昆都仑公墓、建设路、阿尔丁植物园3个试验地,测定了针叶正常油松与针叶红化油松的土壤容重、pH值、有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾的含量.结果表明:针叶红化油松土壤pH、速效钾的含量与针叶正常油松相比差异显著(P＜0.05);且针叶红化现象与土壤pH偏高、速效钾含量偏低有密切的关系,而与土壤容重、有机质含量无直接关系.     

不同海拔梯度下黄山松与马尾松针叶形态·光合生理特性的研究

[目的]通过对光合生理指标和形态学指标的对比,探讨黄山松和马尾松对不同海拔的适应性。[方法]选取黄山风景区365、882m 2个海拔的马尾松群落和882、1 575 2个海拔的黄山松群落为研究对象,分别测定其针叶长、叶面积、单根叶重以及比叶面积等形态指标和光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度等光合生理指标。用Duncan多重比较方法,检验了种内和种间差异。物种的参数测定使用LI-6400便携式光合测定仪等工具,数据整理和分析使用Spss18.0和Excel等软件。[结果]同一物种在不同海拔各形态指数差异性在0.05水平显著;同一海拔的不同物种形态指数差异性不显著(P0.05);光合生理参数在种内和种间差异性均不显著(P0.05)。[结论]在长期的进化过程中,黄山松和马尾松通过表现型的改变维持了其生理生态的稳定性,很好地适应了当地高山严酷的环境,即二者均对山地具有较强的适应能力。