制糖业废渣和废液发酵制复混肥研究

研究了一种用发酵法处理制糖废渣和废液的技术。通过试验,得到了生产工艺条件。其技术工艺简单,运行成本低,处理量大,产物为有机-无机复混肥,达到了变废为宝的目的。     

STZZ1-230型整地筑埂联合作业机的研制

设计了STZZ1-230型整地筑埂联合作业机。该机采用拖拉机为动力,一次进地,能够同时完成整地和筑埂作业。该机主要由牵引架、机架、传动系统、旋耕部件、集土机构、筑埂压实部件及液压油缸等部分组成。田间试验表明:该机结构设计合理,为水稻生产过程中整地筑埂联合作业机械化提供了技术支持。     

树种选择与配置对森林生态系统服务的影响

我国森林面积和蓄积量连续增长,但造林树种单一、林分幼龄化、径级持续偏小、单位面积蓄积量低。在气候变化挑战及全球经济一体化大背景下,如何发挥森林在木材生产、生物多样性保护、固碳、涵养水源及社会文化等方面的多重服务功能以满足经济社会发展对森林的多元化需求,是我国现代林业建设的当务之急。文中通过梳理国内外相关文献,分析不同树种与配置模式和不同森林经营选择对森林生态系统服务的影响,以及对森林生态系统服务影响的模拟预测方法与工具,进而总结当前研究与实践的总体趋势,以期为我国树种选择及其优化配置、增强森林生态系统服务功能提供决策参考。     

水稻插秧机现状分析及发展预测

水稻插秧机技术研发与产品质量保障是实现水稻生产全程机械化的关键。日本、韩国等已实现了水稻插秧机械化,机型以高效高性能插秧机为主。近几年我国通过引进技术和自主开发相结合,插秧机械化水平、插秧机技术研发和产品产销量得到了大的发展,全国插秧机生产企业有20多家、年产销量达4万多台。今后插秧机技术发展趋势是,产品向系列化和多样化方向发展、机型从单一插秧作业向复式作业方向发展、底盘向多功能通用底盘方向发展。但手扶步进式插秧机将是我国持续发展的机型。     

华联站扩容与靖吴华马管道增输的必要性

随着长庆油田陇东华池区块原油产量的不断增加，在保证华悦管道原油顺序输送的基础上，对华联站进行扩建改造，对靖吴华马输油管道实施了增输技术改造，论证了改造技术方案的必要性，分析了实施增输后的经济效益，提出了增加靖吴华马输油管道分输量的建议。     

Biomass production of trees and grasses in a silvopasture system on marginal lands of Doon Valley of north-west India. 1. Performance of tree species

Bouldery riverbed lands occupy about one-third of the geographical area in Doon Valley of north-west India. These marginal lands need rehabilitation through establishment of silvopasture system for meeting the biomass requirements of resource-poor farmers. A study was carried out for 14 years (1980 to 1993) at Dehradun, involving four multi-purpose tree species viz. Albizia lebbek (L.) Benth., Grewia optiva Drumm., Bauhinia purpurea L. and Leucaena leucocephala (Lamk.) de Wit.; and two grass species viz. Chrysopogon fulvus (Spreng.) Chiov. and Eulaliopsis binata (Retz.) C.E. Hubb. Fifty and 75% of the tree crown was lopped once a year after four years of age. Tree survival decreased with age, and was highest with L. leucocephala (86.9% in 1993 of initial density of 625 trees ha⁻¹) and lowest with B. purpurea (49.3%). Canopy parameters of trees progressed differently, presumably due to their varying growth habits. The trees of A. lebbek were taller with more crown spread, whereas G. optiva had more crown height with lesser crown spread. Stem diameter growth of A. lebbek was highest followed by B. purpurea. Lopping intensity did not affect tree survival and also canopy growth in most years, but collar diameter and diameter at breast height (dbh) decreased significantly at the higher intensity of lopping. Intercropped grass species E. binata caused a greater adverse effect on the tree survival and growth parameters than C. fulvus. The biomass production (leaf and branch wood weight of lopped material) was highest at eight years of age in 1987 but showed no definite trend over the study period. Bauhinia purpurea produced the highest biomass and L. leucocephala the lowest, despite opposite trends in their survival. The performance of A. lebbek was on par with B. purpurea in the later years (1990--1993), but G. optiva was inferior despite its superiority in the early years (1984--1985). The effects of lopping intensity were not appreciable, but intercropping with E. binata decreased leaf and branch wood production significantly compared with C. fulvus throughout. However, the adverse effect was comparatively less pronounced on B. purpurea and A. lebbek than on G. optiva and L. leucocephala. The fibre yield of G. optiva also decreased due to intercropped E. binata compared with C. fulvus. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

宜春苎麻试验站2013年苎麻高产高效种植示范与多用途效益分析

苎麻高产高效种植是以多用途为核心的技术创新,有别于传统的苎麻以收获韧皮纤维为主的种植模式.通过高产高效配套栽培技术实施,提高单位面积苎麻纤维产量、苎麻嫩茎叶产量和麻骨产量,开发苎麻嫩茎梢叶青贮喂肉牛、麻骨麻屑栽培食用菌的用途,大幅度提高苎麻生产的经济效益.     

麻类作物多用途研究现状与发展趋势

本文比较全面的介绍了到目前为止麻类作物多用途的总体研究现状,并具体展示了开发麻类多用途取得的成果,提出了麻类作物的发展趋势,期望麻类产业朝着健康的方向发展。     

毛竹林地覆盖竹笋早出技术应用的问题思考

竹林地覆盖是利用有机材料的增温、保温和保湿作用,促进笋芽分化,提早萌发,显著提高竹林经济产出的技术措施,在雷竹Phyllostachys praecox,早园竹Ph. propinqua和红哺鸡竹Ph. iridescens林中已得到大规模推广应用。从林地覆盖对毛竹Ph. pubescens林立地生产力和丰产林分结构维护,竹子抗逆能力和地下害虫发生的影响及生态环境保护,林地覆盖毛竹林选择条件,技术熟化度等方面进行了问题剖析,并提出了林地覆盖毛竹林土壤劣变,留笋养竹,节本省力环保栽培和地下害虫防控等迫切需要解决的技术性和生产性问题。参31     

黄河上游可调水量初步研究

【目的】针对黄河上游水沙调控问题建立多目标模拟模型,确定黄河上游可调水量,为分析黄河上游梯级水库群的调水潜力、有效实施黄河上游水沙调控提供指导。【方法】考虑防凌防洪、供水、发电和冲沙输沙等目标,在已知来水、供水条件下,针对龙羊峡、刘家峡水库理想可调水量、实测可调水量、以水定电、兼顾发电的以水定电4种运行模式,建立黄河上游龙羊峡、刘家峡梯级水库联合调度模拟模型,采用自迭代模拟优化算法求解模型,确定黄河上游梯级水库群的可调水量。【结果】通过对各运行模式下可调水量、发电效率等调控目标的对比分析,可知理想可调水量模式下的可调水量满足兰州断面供水要求,但未达到龙羊峡水电站发电要求;实际可调水量运行模式下的发电与供水均未达到设计值;以水定电运行模式下,兰州断面的供水保证率均达到了设计值,龙羊峡电站的保证出力虽有所提高但并未达到设计值;兼顾发电的以水定电运行模式可以同时实现供水、发电目标。但是,考虑到黄河流域水资源短缺,供需矛盾加剧,流域梯级水电站的实际运行模式由设计初期的"以电定水"转变为"以水定电",应在优先满足流域供水要求的基础上再适当考虑发电效益。所以推荐采用以水定电模式下的可调水量,其多年累计调水量为159.22亿m3。【结论】以水定电模式下的黄河上游可调水量合理可行;黄河上游梯级水库群具有较强的调水调沙潜力,来年补水量小于40亿m3时,平均3年可以进行1次调水调沙,在特丰年份可进行1~2次调水调沙。