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根据大豆理想株型的概念,分析了大豆的主要生理性状和形态性状与产量的关系,并提出了大豆高产理想株型的合理构成,以期为大豆育种的田间选择和株型育种提供理论依据和实践指导。 相似文献
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描记滑胸茧蜂属属征和褐滑胸茧蜂形态,并提供该蜂的形态图。 相似文献
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Although agronomically interesting, selection of creeping-rootedness inlucerne, that is, the ability to form adventitious shoots on horizontal,spreading roots, remains difficult because of the complex and still unclear geneticcontrol of this character, coupled with the possible occurrence of external factorsthat affect unpredictably its expression. Two experiments were undertaken onprogenies of creeping-rooted plants, to verify previous findings and inferences,and test novel hypotheses, concerning the effect of various plant factors on theexpression of creeping-rootedness. The ultimate aim was to provide information onthe most appropriate germplasm, procedures, or indirect selection criteria, that wouldimprove the efficiency of breeding for this character. The factors here examinedincluded genotype, age, kind of progeny, vigour, spreading ability, and undergroundmorphology. Some genotypes appeared to be good donors of the character, whereasothers did not. The proportion of creeping-rooted plants increased in allcases with the plant age. Selfing consistently depressed the expression ofthe character compared with clonal propagation or crossing. It is suggestedthat the effect of age and selfing on the penetrance of creeping-rootedness ismediated through their effect on plant vigour. Both aerial and root vigour showedindeed an effect per se on the presence of the character. Beside thevigour, possible indirect selection criteria were identified in the frequenciesof swollen zones and latent stem primordia on horizontal roots. Proportion ofcreeping-rooted plants in progenies after one year of growth appeared as a simple anduseful criterion to predict future trends. Consistent with previous conclusions, theresults provided evidence that a combination of family and individualselection may enhance the character expression. 相似文献
6.
After about 25 years of intensive research a substantial moment of information has accumulated on the basic biology of Prostephanus truncatus in stored products. This article reviews the literature on the geographical distribution, biotypes, symbiotic associations, mating and flight behaviour, oviposition, and development on both agricultural and non-agricultural hosts. The current knowledge about the nutritional biology (including the role of symbionts) and host finding behaviour (including the inter-linked roles of plant chemicals and the insect's own pheronones) are highlighted as research areas which deserve future attention. In addition, few studies have been conducted to determine the extent to which the biology of P. truncatus permits it to survive and reproduce in non-agricultural environments. These areas of study should be pursued as possible routes to providing more effective integrated pest managements strategies for the larger grain borer. 相似文献
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对3~22周龄山羊胎儿肺进行了肉眼、光镜和透射电镜观察,结果表明:1.7~22周龄山羊胎儿肺的外部形态与胎龄无关,肺的外部形态以左二右四叶者为多见.肺的叶间裂和右肺副裂常不完整,以浆膜、肺组织或混合性组织(肺组织及浆膜)融合;2.山羊胎儿肺的发育分为5个时期:胚胎期(3~5周)肺芽分支形成主支气管,主支气管长度不断增长并萌芽出叶支气管,均衬以假复层柱状上皮。腺状期(6~12周)以支气管树发育为主,小支气管衬以假复层和/或单层柱状上皮;终蕾呈腺状,上皮细胞由假复层柱状逐渐变为单层柱状,胞核向细胞顶端移行;终蕾上皮细胞游离面可见短小的微绒毛;线粒体、粗面内质网及核糖体随着胎龄增加而逐渐增多,它们均位于细胞顶部。小管期(13~14周)以呼吸部发育为主,原始肺泡开始形成,呼吸性细支气管衬以未分化的立方上皮;终蕾腺状结构逐渐消失,终蕾上皮细胞由高矮不等的单层柱状上皮逐渐演变为立方形的原始肺泡上皮;细胞游离面可见较多的微绒毛,胞质内线粒体、粗面内质网及核糖体较发达。囊状期(第15周)呼吸部发育显著,肺内细支气管及其末端呈现出“充气”状态;部分原始肺泡上皮细胞分化为扁平的肺泡Ⅰ型细胞和立方形的肺泡Ⅱ型细胞;Ⅱ型细胞内出现嗜锇小体。肺泡期(16~22周)以肺泡的形成和分化为主,更多的肺泡上皮分化为扁平的肺泡Ⅰ型细胞和立方形的肺泡Ⅱ型细胞。此期,毛细血管内皮与部分肺泡上皮贴近,可将肺泡上皮细胞区分为3种:Ⅰ型细胞,呈矮柱状或椭圆形,胞质中有较明显的核糖体、扩张内质网及变性线粒体;形成了由Ⅰ型细胞一基膜一内皮细胞组成的气血屏障。Ⅱ型细胞,胞质内含丰富的嗜锇板层小体和核糖体,内质网扩张呈大小不一的泡状,多泡体出现,线粒体膨大变性,细胞游离面可见少数微绒毛。Ⅲ型细胞,为未分化细胞,呈立方形,胞体较小,胞核相对较大,呈圆或椭圆形,胞质少,呈带状.电子密度低,细胞器少。 相似文献
8.
Morphofunctional description of mucous cells in the gills of the Arapaimidae Arapaima gigas (Cuvier) during its development 下载免费PDF全文
C. A. Ramos O. T. F. da Costa W. L. P. Duncan M. N. Fernandes 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2018,47(4):330-337
The gill structure of the Amazonian fish Arapaima gigas (Cuvier 1829) shows ontogenetic changes during development, particularly due the transition from the aquatic to the obligatory air breathing mode of respiration. However, three main cell types can be found in the gills: mitochondrial rich cells, pavement cells and mucous cells (MCs). The MCs are involved in the secretory pathway. The functions of the secreted molecules include mechanical protection of epithelia, protection against parasites and bacterial infection, and role on ion regulation. In this study, we analysed mucous cell location and mucous cell type, based on pH, during the development of A. gigas. Using samples obtained from the environment, gills were collected and fixed in buffered solution. Histological techniques for the identification of MCs were performed Alcian Blue (AB) and periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS). The results showed the presence of PAS+ and AB+ cells in the whole filament in all examined fish. In animals less than 50 g, few MCs were present, and no differences were observed in AB+ and PAS+ cells. In animals weighing close to 500 g, more PAS+ cells than AB+ cells were observed, and in animals that weighed more than 1,000 g, more AB+ cells than PAS+ cells were observed. These observations may be a result of the ontogenetic changes in the gill epithelia, which can change the osmorespiratory compromise in ion regulation functions as well the glycosaminoglycans secreted by PAS cells, which in large animals can play a role in the protection against parasites and bacterial infection. 相似文献
9.
Effects of in ovo feeding of L‐arginine on the development of digestive organs,intestinal function and post‐hatch performance of broiler embryos and hatchlings 下载免费PDF全文
T. Gao M. M. Zhao Y. J. Li L. Zhang J. L. Li L. L. Yu F. Gao G. H. Zhou 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(1):e166-e175
This study was to investigate the effects of in ovo feeding (IOF) L‐arginine (Arg) solution on the development of digestive organs, the duodenal mucosa of broiler embryos and hatchlings, and the growth performance of chicks during the first week post‐hatch. A total of 720 fertilized eggs with similar weight were randomly allocated to three groups, consisting of eight replicates of 30 eggs each. Three treatments were arranged as non‐injected control, diluent‐injected (0.75% NaCl solution) group and Arg solution‐injected group containing 1% Arg, dissolved in diluent. At 17.5 days of incubation, 0.6 ml of IOF solution was injected into amniotic fluid of each egg of injected groups. Results showed IOF of Arg solution increased (p < .05) the chick embryo weight at 19 days of incubation; the body weight gain of post‐hatch broilers during 1–7 days; the weights of liver, pancreas, proventriculus and gizzard; the concentrations of duodenal ghrelin, vasoactive intestinal peptide and glucagon‐like peptide 2; and the duodenum mucosal enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase, maltase, sucrase and inducible nitric oxide synthase of 7‐day‐old post‐hatch broilers compared with other groups. The IOF of Arg solution also increased (p < .05) the villus height (VH) and the ratio of VH to crypt depth (CD) and decreased (p < .05) the CD in duodenum of broiler embryos and post‐hatch hatchlings, except for the CD at 19 days of incubation. In conclusion, IOF of 1% Arg solution into the amnion at 17.5 days of incubation could improve the development of digestive organs, the duodenal morphology, the releasing of gastrointestinal hormones and mucosal enzyme activities of broiler embryos and hatchlings and finally the growth performance of chicks during the first week post‐hatch. Therefore, IOF of appropriate Arg solution could be an effective technology for regulating early nutrition supply and subsequent growth development in poultry industry. 相似文献
10.
中国板栗238份品种(系)叶片形态、解剖结构及其抗旱性评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用多功能图像分析法、冷冻切片法和指甲油印记法,对238份板栗品种(系)叶片的形态、解剖结构及气孔特征进行了观察测量,运用变异系数、主成分分析对33项指标进行了筛选,后运用隶属函数法进行抗旱性综合评价。结果表明:(1)238份板栗品种(系)33项指标中除上表皮角质层厚度、上表皮细胞宽度、第一层栅栏组织细胞密度、第一层栅栏组织细胞宽、下表皮细胞宽度和下表皮角质层厚等6项指标的变异系数小于10%,各品种系(间)差异较小外,其余27项指标的变异系数均大于10%,在各品种(系)间差异较大;经主成分分析从27项指标中筛选出10项作为238份板栗品种(系)抗旱性综合评价的典型指标。(2)利用隶属函数分析将238份品种(系)划分为4类:第Ⅰ类包括31个品种(系),平均隶属值为0.60~0.80,抗旱性极强;第Ⅱ类包括48个品种(系),平均隶属值为0.50~0.59,抗旱性强;第Ⅲ类包括84个品种(系),平均隶属值为0.30~0.49,抗旱性中;第Ⅳ类包括75个品种(系),平均隶属值为0.20~0.29,抗旱性弱。 相似文献