Export quality: representing Fijian bodies and the economy of war

Fijian bodies have become a valuable commodity in the economy of war. Remittances from workers overseas are Fiji's largest income – exceeding that of tourism and sugar export. This essay examines historical and contemporary representations of the black male body that perpetuate the exploitation of Fijians by inscribing the Fijian male body as warrior, criminal and protector. Taking a multidisciplinary approach informed by sociology, cultural theory, Pacific studies, visual culture, feminist and post-colonial theory, my practice is the vehicle through which I address issues of neocolonial commodification of Fijian bodies. Through an analysis of my own staged photographs and vernacular images taken by Fijians working for private security military companies and British and US armies, I hope to challenge audiences to consider their own perceptions of Fijian agency and subjectivity. By theorising the politicisation of the black body and interrogating colonial representations of blackness, I argue that we can begin to create links between the historical and contemporary exploitation of Fijians and that at the essence of both is an underlying racial hierarchy and economic requirement for cheap and, arguably, expendable labour.     

#Metoo in the Swedish forest sector: testimonies from harassed women on sexualised forms of male control

This study adds to the literature on the gendered culture of the forest sector by examining testimonies of sexual harassment in relation to the gendering of forestry-related competence and organisations and the consequences that the sexualisation of social relations in organisations has, mainly for women. The empirical base of the study comprised testimonies within the campaign #slutavverkat published on Instagram to highlight experiences of sexual harassment of women in the Swedish forest sector. Qualitative content analysis of the testimonies suggested that the situations described in the testimonies in #slutavverkat comprise controlling actions that diminish women’s power in the forest sector. Sexualised forms of male control and harassment thus work to remind women that they are first and foremost a representation of women, rather than of forestry professions and knowledge. In that sense, sexualised forms of male control and harassment are part of, rather than deviating from, the overall gendering of forestry as a men-dominated sphere. The study adds to organisational understandings and policy developments on discrimination and harassment and suggests that researchers and policy-makers interested in reducing inequality in forestry need to pay more attention to issues of harassment and sexualisation of social relations.     

HIV and AIDS among fisherfolk: a threat to ‘responsible fisheries'?

Fishing communities are often among the highest‐risk groups in countries with high overall rates of HIV/AIDS prevalence. Vulnerability to HIV/AIDS stems from complex, interacting causes that may include the mobility of many fisherfolk, the time fishermen spend away from home, their access to daily cash income in an overall context of poverty and vulnerability, their demographic profile, the ready availability of commercial sex in fishing ports and the subcultures of risk taking and hypermasculinity among some fishermen. The subordinate economic and social position of women in many fishing communities in low‐income countries makes them even more vulnerable. HIV/AIDS in fishing communities was first dealt with as a public health issue, and most projects were conducted by health sector agencies and NGOs, focusing on education and health care provision. More recently, as the social and economic impacts of the epidemic have become evident, wider social service provision and economic support have been added. In the last 3 years, many major fishery development programmes in Africa, South/South‐East Asia and the Asia‐Pacific region have incorporated HIV/AIDS awareness in their planning. The HIV/AIDS pandemic threatens the sustainability of fisheries by eclipsing the futures of many fisherfolk. The burden of illness puts additional stresses on households, preventing them from accumulating assets derived from fishing income. Premature death robs fishing communities of the knowledge gained by experience and reduces incentives for longer‐term and inter‐generational stewardship of resources. Recent projects championing local knowledge and resource‐user participation in management need to take these realities into account. If the fishing communities of developing countries that account for 95% of the world's fisherfolk and supply more than half the world's fish are adversely impacted by HIV/AIDS, then the global supply of fish, particularly to lower‐income consumers, may be jeopardized.     

A Type of Architectural Esthetics with Publicizing Vitality: Understanding the Qiang Community in Taoping

The life style, military defense and religious belief of the Qiang people combined with the local natural environment created a special architectural esthetic found in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River in P. R. China. The esthetics of this Qiang community are expressed clearly in the harmonious mountainous settlement, and plain housing shape. We expound on their characteristic watchtower construction. The esthetic significance and value of this Qiang community lies in unfolding the great strength of tragic art. We further elaborate on the commendable innovative spirit formed in the difficult times faced by the Qiang natconality. Their landscapes also manifest the highest level of architectural esthetics that regional architecture has achieved.     

基于改进BP神经网络的房地产泡沫测度评价研究

美国的大众文化表达了美国大众包括精英阶层的思想、观念、价值观的文化生活方式,它的全球化在一定程度上展示了一种自上而下的霸权意识和种族主义倾向。华裔作家赵健秀在他的两部长篇小说《唐老亚》和《甘加丁之路》中,通过互文、戏仿、反讽等手段消解、颠覆了大众文化中的种族刻板印象,不仅如此,他还挪用中国传统文化中的英雄以重塑属于华裔男性的文化偶像,希望华裔能主动积极地介入大众文化,操演自己的华裔美国人特色。     

‘Changing My Thinking With a Western Woman’: Javanese Youths’ Constructions of Masculinity

Yogyakarta’s ‘wild’ guides are young men who pursue fantasies of true love and easy wealth by striking up ‘love affairs’ with tourist women. A hegemonic masculinity emerges as male peergroup gossip evaluates dramatic incidents to pinpoint ideal male with­male image and behaviour. In romances with Western women, guides renegotiate the sexual aspect of their masculinity, as tourist women’s holiday­romance expectations of attentiveness and deference collide with this ideal masculine self­image. The tension between disgust and desire within guides’ lifestyle leads to fragmented performances of identity for their different audiences.