苹果组培芽露地嫁接技术研究

提高苹果组培芽露地嫁接成活率的关键技术措施,主要有三个方面:培育壮芽,嫁接前对组培芽进行3至5天通风锻炼,增强其对外部环境条件的适应性;正确选择砧木及嫁接部位和方法,尽可能缩小砧穗间形态结构及木质化程度的差异,人为创造适宜的环境条件,搭棚遮荫避免阳光直射,适时灌水增加土壤及空气湿度,滴注激素促进接口愈合.本试验组培芽露地嫁接成活率达到93.3%,枝条最大月生长量为38厘米.     

一类挖坑机械钻头横向振动系统的最优控制问题

建立了一类挖坑机械钻头横向振动系统的数学模型,并以阻尼函数作为控制变量,研究了该系统的最优控制问题,得出了两个定理。     

Study of some factors affecting the growth and development of myoga (Zingiber mioga Roscoe)

In order to optimise production of the edible flower buds produced by myoga (Zingiber mioga Roscoe) a greater understanding of the growth and development of the plant and factors influencing flower initiation and development are required. The vegetative growth phase in myoga was characterised by a distinct period of pseudostem development from the planted rhizome piece followed by an extended period of rhizome growth from both the base of pseudostems and the planted rhizome piece. The transition from pseudostem formation to the initiation of rhizome growth occurred at the same time as the dry weight of the planted rhizome piece ceased to decline. Flower bud initiation and development occurred over an extended period, beginning soon after the commencement of new rhizome growth and ending prior to foliage senescence. Flower buds were observed at the terminal meristem of first, second, third and fourth order rhizomes. Increasing temperatures stimulated both increased vegetative growth and flower bud initiation and development. Low flower bud yields recorded under conditions of low temperature were the result of reduced rate of floral initiation and not abortion of flower buds. Increased shading of plants grown under glasshouse conditions resulted in reduced flower bud yield and similarly the response resulted from decreased initiation rather than abortion.     

Fine structure of the canal neuromasts of the lateral line system in the adult zebrafish

The mechanosensory lateral line system of fish is responsible for several functions such as balance, hearing, and orientation in water flow and is formed by neuromast receptor organs distributed on head, trunk and tail. Superficial and canal neuromasts can be distinguished for localization and morphological differences. Several information is present regarding the superficial neuromasts of zebrafish and other teleosts especially during larval and juvenile stages, while not as numerous data are so far available about the ultrastructural characteristics of the canal neuromasts in adult zebrafish. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate by transmission electron microscopy the ultrastructural aspects of cells present in the canal neuromasts. Besides the typical cellular aspects of the neuromast, different cellular types of hair cells were observed that could be identified as developing hair cells during the physiological turnover. The knowledge of the observed cellular types of the canal neuromasts and their origin could give a contribution to studies carried out on adult zebrafish used as model in neurological and non‐neurological damages, such as deafness and vestibular disorders.     

基于改进YOLOv4-tiny的茶叶嫩芽检测模型

精准检测茶叶嫩芽是茶叶机械智能采摘的重要前提。针对茶叶大小不一、遮挡造成的小尺度嫩芽特征显著性弱、漏检率高等问题,提出一种基于改进YOLOv4-tiny的茶叶嫩芽检测模型。该模型在颈部网络添加52×52的浅层特征层以提高YOLOv4-tiny网络对小目标嫩芽的关注度,通过引入卷积块注意力机制（Convolutional block attention module,CBAM）以抑制背景噪声,提高嫩芽特征的显著性,采用双向特征金字塔网络（Bidirectional feature pyramid network,BiFPN）以融合不同尺度的特征信息,从而提出一个高性能轻量化的茶叶嫩芽检测模型YOLOv4-tiny-Tea。对同一训练集与测试集进行模型训练与性能测试,结果表明YOLOv4-tiny-Tea模型检测精确率和召回率分别为97.77%和95.23%,相比改进之前分别提高了5.58个百分点和23.14个百分点。消融试验验证了网络结构改进对不同尺度嫩芽检测的有效性,并将改进后的YOLOv4-tiny-Tea模型与3种YOLO系列算法进行对比,发现改进后的YOLOv4-tiny-Tea模型F1值比YOLOv3、YOLOv4、YOLOv5l模型分别提高了12.11、11.66和6.76个百分点,参数量仅为3种网络模型的13.57%、13.06%和35.05%。试验结果表明,YOLOv4-tiny-Tea模型能有效提高不同尺度下嫩芽检测的精确率,大幅度减少小尺寸或遮挡嫩芽的漏检情况,在保持轻量化计算成本的基础上获得较为明显的检测精度,能够满足农业机器人的实时检测和嵌入式开发的需求,可以为茶叶嫩芽智能采摘方法提供参考。     

扶芳藤不定芽再生体系的建立

以扶芳藤无芽茎段和下胚轴为外植体,建立了稳定高效的不定芽再生体系。MS＋6-BA 1.5 mg/L＋IBA0.1 mg/L对诱导无芽茎段产生不定芽最为有利,再生率为82.6%。以下胚轴为外植体时,预培养50 d更有利于不定芽的诱导,中浓度的6-BA（1.3 mg/L和1.5 mg/L）对直接分化产生不定芽有利,培养基MS＋6-BA1.5 mg/L＋NAA0.1 mg/L上不定芽再生率最高,达到95.7%。以绵白糖和蔗糖为碳源均能达到较好的再生效果（80%以上）,以葡萄糖为碳源时再生率虽然高达100%,但玻璃化严重。生根培养基以1/2 MS＋IAA（0.7 mg/L）最好,生根率高达92.9%,经驯化后移栽成活率在90%以上。     

蝴蝶兰原球茎和丛生芽增殖条件优化

分别以蝴蝶兰(Phalaenop spp)原球茎(Protocorm like body,PLB)和幼芽为外植体,研究了蝴蝶兰原球茎和丛生芽增殖的适宜条件。结果表明,适合于原球茎增殖的培养基为1/3MS+TDZ 0.2 mg/L+NAA 1.0 mg/L+蔗糖20 g/L+琼脂8 g/L+活性炭2 g/L+CM 200 mL/L。适合于丛生芽增殖的培养基为1/3MS+TDZ 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+蔗糖20 g/L+琼脂8 g/L+活性炭2 g/L+CM 200 mL/L。TDZ的效果好于6-BA。对丛生芽的切割能显著提高增殖倍数。     

俄罗斯欧洲花楸观赏性研究

俄罗斯欧洲花楸是世界著名观赏树种之一,与我国本地野生品种百花山花楸相比在观赏性上有着非常明显的优势。研究结果表明:俄罗斯花楸在侧枝数量、总花量、结果量、坐果率方面都要优于本地的野生花楸,在城市绿化方面的优势非常明显。     

Development of Nucleic Acid Lateral Flow Immunoassay Detection Method for Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus

In this article, through the combination of nucleic acid probes and immune chromatography, a simple, sensitive and specific detection system——nucleic acid lateral flow immunoassay (NALFIA) for amplifing foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 3D RT-PCR products was established.An ultrasensitive nucleic acid biosensor (NAB) based on streptavidin-labeled gold nanoparticles dual labels and lateral flow strip biosensor (LFSB) were used in this system.The biotinylated goat anti-rabbit IgG was marked to the NC membrane as the alleged strip and the anti-digoxin antibody was labeled to the NC membrane to capture the digoxin probe.After assemblying gold-labeled strip and detecting RT-PCR products, the detection limit of NALFIA was 0.3×10^-3 to 3×10^-3 μg/μL.The NALFIA was compared with agar gel electrophoresis analysis, the results showed that the sensitivity of NALFIA was higher than agar gel electrophoresis.There was an excellent agreement between the two methods.NALFIA was a method with high sensitive, low cost and short time.In conclusion, this method provided a good alternative to detect FMDV.