外源NO及反向调控PEG胁迫下苜蓿萌发种子抗氧化酶及其同工酶动态的研究

以紫花苜蓿为材料,用一氧化氮供体硝普钠(SNP)及一氧化氮清除剂c-PTIO对苜蓿种子进行浸种处理,采用分光光度法和同工酶电泳技术来研究外源NO及反向调控对PEG胁迫下紫花苜蓿抗氧化酶活性及其同工酶的影响,并探讨NO调控苜蓿种子耐旱性的生理机制。结果表明:PEG胁迫下外施0.1 mmol·L^-1 SNP,第6天时较PEG处理POD活性降低了32.72%;第4天时SOD、CAT活性较PEG处理升高了10.48%、23.60%,有效缓解了PEG对紫花苜蓿萌发中种子的氧化损伤,提高其抗氧化能力。PEG胁迫下添加 c-PTIO抑制了苜蓿萌发期的抗氧化系统活性。从同工酶的谱带数量和强弱来看,POD同工酶各区带活力均随PEG胁迫时间的延长而增加,在第2天酶带只有1条,而第4天酶带呈现9条;SOD和CAT同工酶表达量变化不显著,但酶带强弱有一定变化,S3酶带随处理时间的延长表达量逐渐减弱;CAT同工酶谱带则一直保持2条带,无明显强弱变化。因此,外源NO在PEG胁迫下紫花苜蓿萌发中抗氧化酶快速响应并在维护氧自由基代谢平衡中起重要保护作用。     

蛋鸡血清硷性磷酸酶变化规律的研究

本试验以京白Ⅲ系为试验材料,测定了四个时期的血清AL P活性,研究了其变化规律。结果表明,AL P同工酶型快型酶活性显著高于慢型。年龄、同工酶型及年龄×同工酶型互作对AL P活性有显著影响。AL P活性与产蛋量间遗传相关表现为,在生长期为正,而产蛋期为负。四个年龄中,AL P做为间接选择指标,以6周龄为最佳.     

中国栽培平菇的酯酶同工酶分析

采用电泳技术对我国大规模栽培的64个平菇商业菌株进行酯酶同工酶分析。结果表明，我国栽培平菇菌种多样性丰富，64个菌株有44个酶谱类型，不同菌株有各自特有的酯酶同工酶酶谱。聚类分析表明，供试菌株在60％相似水平上分为6大类：第一类包括以白黄侧耳为代表的21个菌株；第二类包括以德国引进菌株为代表的6个未定种名菌株；第三类包括7个白黄侧耳与佛罗里达侧耳杂交的杂交种及4个未定种名菌株；第四类包括以佛罗里达侧耳为代表的5个菌株；第五类包括以糙皮侧耳为代表的14个菌株；第六类包括以肺形侧耳为代表的7个菌株。     

The potential for the Rapid Screening of Potato Cultivars (Solanum tuberosum) for Resistance to Powdery Scab (Spongospora subterranea) using a Laboratory Bioassay

Powdery scab of potato, once established in a field, is difficult to control because of the longevity of the resting spores (cystosori) of the causal organism, Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea. Host resistance is likely to be the most efficient in a long-term control strategy for preventing build-up of field inoculum and spread of the disease. Resistance screening of potato cultivars is mostly done in laborious field trials where disease development is likely to be unpredictable. A bioassay with potato tissue cultured plantlets and cystosori as inoculum is described and was tested for its potential to screen potato cultivars at an early stage for their relative susceptibility to powdery scab by comparing the lab results with field data. With cystosori inoculum of Swiss origin, the laboratory test showed clear differences between the potato cultivars in the severity of zoosporangial root infection which correlated better with ranked tuber infection data, compared to root galling. There are apparent differences in the relative trends in susceptibility between roots and tubers of five selected cultivars when using naturally infested soil instead of prepared cystosori as inoculum in the lab bioassay. Furthermore, differences in the severity of zoosporangial root infection of two selected cultivars were found when cystosori from different countries where used as inoculum. A possible host genotype × pathogen interaction is discussed. The bioassay has the potential to screen and select for resistant material at an early breeding stage thus making field trials not unnecessary but more economical. It will allow the use of a standard set of pathogen collections and facilitate testing for inoculum virulence in infested soils.     

鸽新城疫的流行与防控

鸽新城疫是由新城疫病毒感染鸽群引起的传染病, 在世界各国鸽场均有流行。介绍了鸽新城疫流行情况及特点, 流行毒株的基因型、病毒的毒力、病毒的抗原特性, 提出在做好鸽场内生物安全控制和精细化管理基础上, 使用市售新城疫疫苗进行合理免疫是鸽新城疫防控的关键。     

垂叶榕瘿花发育特性的初步研究

研究榕属植物瘿花发育特性是理解榕树/榕小蜂协同进化内在机制的重要内容。本文解析了垂叶榕隐头花序伴随瘿花发育的 5 个发育时期，采用同工酶电泳的方法比较了瘿花与正常雌花同工酶（包括过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、淀粉酶和酯酶）谱带的差异，采用扫描电镜对比了瘿花壁与授粉后雌花子房壁的差异。结果表明，瘿花被榕小蜂产卵以后，至少启动了一个与消除过氧化物有关的酶；而且，瘿花子房壁结构疏松，内含物小而少，雌花子房壁结构致密且内含物多而大，说明瘿花发育所消耗的营养物质大于正常雌花发育的消耗。研究结果支持造瘿生物汇集营养与植物防御行为的互利假说。     

Whole-genome sequence of a novel Chinese cyprinid herpesvirus 3 isolate reveals the existence of a distinct European genotype in East Asia

Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV3), also known as koi herpesvirus (KHV), can be subdivided primarily into European and Asian genotypes, which are represented by CyHV3-U or CyHV3-I and CyHV3-J, respectively. In this study, the whole genome sequence of a novel Chinese CyHV3 isolate (GZ11) was determined and annotated. CyHV3-GZ11 genome was found to contain 295,119 nucleotides with 52.9% G/C content, which is highly similar to those of published CyHV3-U, CyHV3-I, and CyHV3-J strains. With reference to CyHV3-U, CyHV3-I, and CyHV3-J, CyHV3-GZ11 was also classified into 164 open reading frames (ORF), which include eight repeated ORFs. On the basis of the 12 alloherpeviruses core genes, results from phylogenetic analysis showed that CyHV3-GZ11 had closer evolutionary relationships with CyHV3-U and CyHV3-I than with CyHV3/KHV-J, which were also supported by genome wide-based single nucleotide substitution analysis and the use of a series of developed molecular markers. This study was the first to reveal the presence of a distinct European CyHV3 genotype in East and Southeast Asia at a whole genome level, which will evoke new insights on exploring the origin, evolution, and epidemiology of the virus.     

卢氏绿壳蛋鸡壳色性状的AY493302标记

卢氏鸡是我国唯一片羽型的可产绿壳蛋的地方鸡种,壳色有绿壳和褐壳2种颜色。本研究采集131只卢氏绿壳蛋鸡,45只卢氏褐壳蛋鸡及18只地方白壳蛋鸡的血液,提取基因组DNA,用微卫星AY493302标记探讨了这3种壳色的基因型差异。结果表明,微卫星AY493302在卢氏绿壳蛋鸡、卢氏褐壳蛋鸡以及地方白壳蛋鸡之间基因型分布差异极显著,基因型AA（225bp/225bp）在卢氏鸡中的频率为0.396 9,且只在卢氏绿壳蛋鸡中出现。其A基因频率在卢氏绿壳蛋鸡、卢氏褐壳蛋鸡和地方白壳蛋鸡中分别为0.698 5,0.500 0,0.500 0。进一步进行测序发现,卢氏绿壳蛋鸡AA基因型在19bp处碱基和217bp处碱基均为G,但卢氏绿壳蛋鸡AB基因型在19bp处碱基却为C,在217bp处碱基与绿壳蛋鸡AA基因型同为G。卢氏褐壳蛋鸡AB基因型和地方白壳蛋鸡的AB基因型则表现在19bp处碱基为C,217bp处碱基为T。AA基因型的序列与NCBI数据库中红色原鸡比较,达99%同源的序列有V00425.1、J02015.1和NW_003763484.1,均位于鸡的1号染色体上。该微卫星标记的群体杂合度、群体多态信息含量在卢氏绿壳蛋鸡中都低于卢氏褐壳蛋鸡和地方白壳蛋鸡。尽管在所研究的卢氏绿壳群体中只有39.7%的个体表现为纯合AA基因型,但卢氏褐壳蛋鸡和地方白壳蛋鸡中没有该基因型,故而认为微卫星AY493302的纯合AA基因型可以作为对卢氏绿壳蛋鸡进行分子标记辅助选择的基因型。