剩余污泥腐植酸的提取和对作物幼苗建成的影响

为解决IHSS （国际腐植酸协会）推荐法提取剩余污泥腐植酸参数不明确和剩余污泥腐植酸提取研究中缺乏其毒性效应评价等问题,利用响应曲面法得到剩余污泥腐植酸提取的最佳条件,并分析了腐植酸理化特性及其对作物幼苗建成的影响。结果表明,腐植酸提取的最佳条件：碱浓度为0.19 mol·L^-1,碱泥比（mL∶g）为11.6,振荡时间为3.8 h,提取量为96.1 mg·g^-1。相较于推荐法的腐植酸提取量增加了118%。提取所得腐植酸的元素分析显示,O/C为0.84,H/C为0.14,C/N为4.43;傅里叶变换红外光谱和凝胶渗透色谱分析显示,剩余污泥腐植酸存在羧基、醇羟基和酚羟基等含氧官能团,重均分子量为8 856 Da。此外,在500 mg·L^-1施用条件下,该腐植酸对大白菜和萝卜种子发芽率和子叶光合色素含量均无显著影响,而对大白菜种子胚根伸长具有显著促进作用。综上,通过优化提取条件可显著提高腐植酸提取量,剩余污泥腐植酸腐殖化程度与芳香化程度均较高,分子量较小,生物活性较强,且低浓度下对作物早期生长无不良影响。     

The establishment of Taraxacum officinale plants in grassland

Factors involved in the establishment of Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) seedlings in grasslands and plant mortality in the first growing season were studied during 2008–2011. The study was conducted at 11 grassland sites that differed in the quantity of seed rain and the intensity of seedling predation by slugs. In April, of each study year, 10 plots open to the sedimentation of naturally dispersed seeds were established at each site, five plots of which were also sown with 250 T. officinale seeds each. The amount of natural seed rain, slug feeding activity and number of plants in each plot were then recorded at monthly intervals. Seed rain and seedling predation accounted for c. 50% of the variation in seedling establishment. Populations of established seedlings then declined through October, at which point they were at 25% of the original abundance on average. The percentage of plants that survived varied among sites and years. The temporal and spatial variation in T. officinale establishment and survival of young plants was enormous, even within a small area. Predation of seedlings by slugs can effectively prevent the establishment of T. officinale in grassland. This only occurred, however, at slug abundances not acceptable under conditions of public access.     

日本落叶松种子园结实母株种实性状对氮磷钾配比施肥的响应

为提高日本落叶松种子园肥料利用率,有效改善种实性状,提高种子产量和品质;在甘肃省沙坝落叶松/云杉国家良种基地,以30年左右正常开花结实的日本落叶松嫁接无性系分株为研究对象,采用随机试验设计,设置了N₁P₁K₁、N₁P₂K₁、N₁P₁K₂施肥配比水平,以不施肥（N₀P₀K₀）作为对照,研究N、P、K不同配比水平施肥对种实性状的影响。数据采用SPSS 16.0进行方差分析和多重比较,结果表明：N、P、K不同配比水平施肥对日本落叶松结实母株种实性状的影响具有显著差异（P<0.05）,不同配比施肥均能促进球果和种子性状的有效改善,N₁P₂K₁、N₁P₁K₁、N₁P₁K₂配比水平施肥千粒质量分别比对照提高了38.1%、32.1%和30.0%;尤其以N₁P₂K₁的效果最为显著,球果鲜质量和单个球果平均生产种子质量是对照（N₀P₀K₀）的2.08倍和2.26倍,也是N₁P₁K₂施肥配比水平的1.53倍,高出N₁P₁K₁施肥配比水平的9.4%和30.0%。30年左右日本落叶松种子园能有效改善种实性状,提高种子产量和品质的N、P、K施肥配比水平为N₁P₂K₁。     

Establishment of trees on mixtures of pulverized fuel ash and Gypsum. Part II: Nutrition and trace elements

Nutrients and trace elements were determined in the foliage of nine tree species grown in mixtures of pulverized fuel ash (PFA) and gypsum. No serious macronutrient deficiencies were observed. Treatments with PFA consistently increased foliar levels of boron, potassium and molybdenum, and the poor performance of some tree species in pure PFA was attributed to boron toxicity. Gypsum hindered the uptake of boron when mixed with PFA, however, and co-disposal of the two wastes could be used to minimize problems associated with boron toxicity.     

PAM保水剂及纳米蒙脱土对果园生草地上部生物量的影响

为了实现果园生草节水效果,采用田间试验方法,研究了半量和常规灌溉条件下,不同用量的PAM保水剂(0,4,8,12 g/m2)和不同用量纳米蒙脱土(0,150,300,450 g/m2)对不同草(紫花苜蓿,黑麦草,白三叶)地上部总生物量的影响.结果表明,半量灌溉条件下,施用PAM保水剂可显著增加3种草的地上部总生物量,适宜剂量为8g/m2,而常规灌溉条件下,不宜施用PAM保水剂.施用纳米蒙脱土可增加3种草的地上部总生物量,半量灌溉条件下,适宜剂量为150 g/m2,常规灌溉条件下,对于紫花苜蓿和黑麦草,适宜剂量为450 g/m2,对于白三叶,适宜剂量为300 g/m2.     

“编制外时代”师范生的就业问题及对策

以编制为切入点,分析师范生在就业过程中存在的问题并提出对策。     

湿地松种子园无性系间开花结实差异分析

湿地松种子园内无性系间的生长，开花和结实等性状存在着显著差异，无性素水平和单株水平上的性状相关分析结果基本一致，雌花量与结实量，球果长与宽有较密切的相关关系，而无性素的雌花量与雌花量存在负相关关系。     

成都市府南河工程草坪建植与管理的研究

成都市府南河改造工程是以环保绿化为中心的全面市政改造工程,绿地以草坪为主。根据成都的自然条件和对草坪的质量要求,选择改良的高羊茅（ＦｅｓｔｕｃａａｒｕｎｄｉｎａｃｅａＳｃｈｒｅｂ．）为建群种,草地早熟禾（ＰｏａｐｒａｔｅｎｓｉｓＬ．）为伴生种,混播建植。注重修剪、除杂、防病虫、施肥等日常管理,并提出了加强管理的几点建议。     

高速公路边坡防护体系的建植养护

在对广东省普惠高速公路边坡生物防治体系——护坡草皮的建植和养护过程中，就草种选择、建植方式和质量监控等问题进行了讨论并提出建议，旨在提高我国高速公路边坡防护体系草皮的建植和养护水平。