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Atsushi NAKAMURA Kenji TOGASHI Naoyuki YAMAMOTO Akiko NISHIURA 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(3):175-184
In order to control rates of response and inbreeding, mate selection using fuzzy selective mating criteria (FMC) was investigated in adult multiple ovulation and embryo transfer nucleus schemes for dairy cattle. Stochastic simulation was used to model the closed nucleus scheme. This mate selection was examined in four alternative mating and male selection schemes: (i) a hierarchical scheme; (ii) a hierarchical sibship scheme (two males per sibship); (iii) a factorial scheme (two sires per dam); and (iv) a factorial sibship scheme (two males per sibship and two sires per dam). Genetic response and inbreeding rate tended to be reduced by increasing the trade-off parameter of FMC between the expected breeding value and inbreeding of progeny. Inbreeding rates in all schemes were reduced by reducing the variance of family size through selection and the average coancestry of mating pairs through mate allocation. 相似文献
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J. Schäler R. Wellmann J. Bennewitz G. Thaller D. Hinrichs 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2018,68(2):63-72
Recovering native uniqueness has major importance for breeds with historic introgression. The aim of the study was to estimate population genetic parameters for two local red cattle breeds from Northern Germany and to study possibilities to reverse introgression. Genealogical information consisted of 90,783 individuals for German Angler and 187,255 individuals for Red Dual-Purpose cattle breed, with additional information on sex, born, breed, status, and conventional breeding values. It is concluded that the native genetic contribution could be included as an additional trait in the total merit index in order to recover a part of the native genetic background. Native contributions should be estimated in the long term from marker data in order to account for Mendelian sampling. The maintenance of a sufficient genetic diversity of native alleles can be achieved by an advanced OCS with appropriate constraints. 相似文献
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Computing inbreeding coefficients and the inverse numerator relationship matrix in large populations of honey bees 下载免费PDF全文
Richard Bernstein Manuel Plate Andreas Hoppe Kaspar Bienefeld 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2018,135(4):323-332
The inbreeding coefficients are considered in breeding decisions, and the inverse numerator relationship matrix A ?1 is a prerequisite for breeding value estimation. Polyandry and haploid males are among the specifics of relationships between honey bees. Brascamp and Bijma (2014) averaged out the manifold possible relationships among honey bees that appear to have the same parents in a pedigree and assigned a single entry in A to animals that behave as a unit, for example, the workers of a hive. Their methods of calculation connected full‐sibs in the variance matrix of the Mendelian sampling terms D , via nonzero off‐diagonal elements. This impedes the inversion of A and the closely connected calculation of inbreeding coefficients, because efficient algorithms for this task take D to be a diagonal matrix. Memory limitations necessitate their use for large data sets. We adapted the quickest of them to the block diagonal matrix D , that is postulated for the honey bee. To our knowledge, the presented algorithm is the first one that facilitates the method of Brascamp and Bijma (2014) on large data sets. 相似文献
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Oriental persimmon (Diospyros kaki) originated in Eastern Asia, and many indigenous cultivars have been developed in China, Japan, and Korea. These cultivars are classified into four groups based on their natural astringency loss on the tree and seed formation: pollination-constant non-astringent (PCNA), pollination-variant non-astringent (PVNA), pollination-constant astringent (PCA), and pollination-variant astringent (PVA). PCNA is the most desirable type because the fruit can be eaten without any postharvest treatment; therefore, one of the goals of our persimmon breeding programs is to release superior PCNA cultivars. The PCNA genotype is recessive to the other three non-PCNA genotypes, and PCNA-type F1 offspring are obtained exclusively from crosses among PCNA genotypes. Moreover, the number of superior PCNA cross-parents have been limited. In the late 1980s, inbreeding depression became obvious, especially in terms of fruit size, tree vigor, and productivity. To mitigate the inbreeding, a backcross program using PCNA [(non-PCNA × PCNA) × PCNA] was started in 1990. This process, however, was inefficient because only 15% of the offspring were PCNA, and all offspring had to be grown to the fruiting stage. Therefore, molecular markers linked to the PCNA locus were developed for discriminating PCNA offspring. A molecular marker linked to Chinese PCNA has also been developed. 相似文献
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鸡繁殖性能近交衰退是地方鸡遗传资源活体保种过程中面临的重要问题之一,本研究旨在探讨全基因组CpG岛(CpG island,CGI)区DNA甲基化在鸡繁殖性能近交衰退中的作用。分别从狼山鸡高近交组和低近交组中各选取健康母鸡3只,即试验分2个组,每组3个重复,然后采用全基因组重亚硫酸盐测序(WGBS)技术,检测分析两组个体性腺轴组织(包括卵巢和下丘脑)全基因组DNA甲基化差异,筛选差异甲基化区域(DMRs),并对CpG岛区差异甲基化基因进行功能注释和富集分析。结果表明,狼山鸡高近交组和低近交组比较,其卵巢和下丘脑基因组整体甲基化水平均不存在显著差异(P>0.05);高、低近交组间差异甲基化区域检测发现,下丘脑和卵巢中分别检测到5 948和4 593个差异甲基化区域,其中1 798和995个差异甲基化区域位于基因组CpG岛区,分别注释到1 020和552个基因;下丘脑中,这些CpG岛区差异甲基化基因显著富集在信号转导、神经系统发育、生殖系统发育和卵母细胞成熟调控等繁殖相关的GO条目,以及转化生长因子β信号通路、乙型肝炎、脂肪酸代谢、胰岛素信号通路等19条KEGG信号通路(P<0.05);卵巢中,CpG岛区差异甲基化基因显著富集于12条信号通路(P<0.05),包括慢性骨髓白血病、流感A、精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢、粘着连接等,一些与卵子发育和性激素分泌相关的信号通路也被富集到,如黄体酮介导的卵母细胞成熟、卵母细胞减数分裂、GnRH信号通路、雌激素信号通路等,其中包含CDC27、ADCY8、AKT3等10个差异甲基化基因。因此,本研究在狼山鸡高、低近交组间检测到了大量差异甲基化区域,并发现大量差异甲基化基因与繁殖性状相关,推测这些基因CpG岛区DNA甲基化可能在狼山鸡繁殖性能近交衰退调控中发挥重要作用,研究结果为进一步深入探索鸡繁殖性能近交衰退调控机制奠定了基础,为物种资源保护和家禽育种工作提供了理论参考依据。 相似文献
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为了探究近交对繁殖效应的影响,本研究以国家级地方鸡种基因库保存的狼山鸡为素材,结合分子标记和系谱信息,组建高、低近交两个试验组,记录高、低近交组的繁殖性能数据。选取高、低近交组中正常个体各3只,采取卵巢组织进行RNA-seq测序,并对差异基因进行功能注释。结果在高、低近交组中共获得差异转录本1 114个,其中783个基因获得注释,307个上调,476个下调。GO和KEGG分析表明,差异基因主要富集在核糖体的生物合成、炎性反应、繁殖、生长、免疫系统过程、代谢过程等生物学过程,Pathway显著富集在叶酸的生物合成、卵母细胞成熟和代谢等生物学通路。功能分析发现,筛选出的差异基因(如GGH、CPEB1、GNMT和PIWIL等)与繁殖功能相关。此外,还包括一些与应激和免疫相关的基因(如APOC3、HSP70、CD38和LGMN等)。研究结果有助于了解狼山鸡繁殖性状近交衰退相关的基因及其调控机制,为家禽特定性状近交衰退分子机理提供参考。 相似文献
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通过微卫星分子标记对来自安徽省4个草鱼养殖群体进行遗传分析。结果表明,7个微卫星位点均具有高度多态性(PIC=0.863~0.926),4个草鱼群体均显示出较高的遗传多样性(He=0.886 1~0.911 4)。AMOVA分析显示,大多数遗传变异存在于草鱼群体内(97.6%),群体间的遗传变异仅为2.4%。遗传分化和遗传距离分析显示,4个群体整体分化水平较低(Fst0.05),怀远和滁州群体遗传分化最小(Fst=0.013 7),遗传距离最近(Dn=0.269 8),池州和无为群体遗传分化最大(Fst=0.042 5),遗传距离最远(Dn=0.591 6)。系统进化树显示,怀远和滁州群体亲缘关系最近,与池州最远。此外,4个养殖场内部草鱼均存在近亲繁殖现象。建议4个养殖场及时更新亲本,增加繁殖亲本的数量,避免近交衰退带来的风险。 相似文献