Habitat use and home range of black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) on farmlands in the Midlands of KwaZulu-Natal,South Africa

Black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) are an abundant mesopredator on farmlands (croplands and rangelands) across South Africa. Given their adaptability in a changing anthropogenic landscape, knowledge of spatial movements can provide important ecological information on the species. We captured, collared and monitored five black-backed jackals in the Midlands of KwaZulu-Natal to determine their home range and habitat use in farmlands. The 95% fixed kernel (95% FK) home range sizes were large, showing a marked seasonal variation in movement. One adult male dispersed 150?km over two seasons (winter and spring) and thereafter settled into a home range that it maintained. Transient home ranges of males and juveniles were larger than resident home ranges. The mean resident home ranges (95% FK) across seasons for adult males, adult female and juvenile males were 11.4 ± 4.3 km², 5.6 ± 0.36?km² and 2.15 ± 0.45?km², respectively. The mean transient home ranges (95% FK) of all the seasons for adult and juvenile males were 1 181.93 ± 575.81 km² and 104.27 ± 35.64?km², respectively. Adult jackal preferred croplands in spring, summer and autumn but avoided croplands in winter. Variable habitat use and large home ranges in our study confirmed the species’ ability to adapt to agricultural areas.     

国内外致泻大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7的检测标准比较及建议

致泻大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7（STEC O157:H7）是大肠埃希氏菌中致病性最严重的一种食源性致病菌,主要存在于牛肉、牛奶、水果及其制品中,对身体健康造成很大危害,甚至引发死亡。食品中STEC O157:H7检测尤为重要。本文对国内外STEC O157:H7的检测标准进行比较,提出我国标准在样品前处理、快速筛选方法的应用等方面需要加强,以便为该菌快速准确检测提供帮助,实现与国际标准化体系建设接轨,满足实验室检测需要。     

2016年1月22－26日影响海南岛一次强寒冷天气过程分析

为了深入了解强冷空气影响下海南岛的天气变化特征,进一步提高对强冷空气影响过程预报准确率,利用海南省区域自动站资料、常规天气观测资料以及NCEP/NCAR 2.5°×2.5°一日四次再分析资料,采用天气学原理和动力学诊断分析方法,对2016年1月22—26日影响海南岛一次强冷天气过程进行分析和总结。结果表明,此次强冷天气过程是由于极地涡旋分裂南下,同时乌拉尔山高压脊强烈发展使冷空气在横槽聚集,横槽前部等高线阶梯形势明显,并伴有明显负变高和冷平流,从而有利横槽转竖南压引导强冷空气向南爆发。强冷平流是造成海南岛出现强烈降温的主要原因;另外,由于低纬地区短波槽活跃,短波槽前暖湿气流与南下冷空气共同作用造成降水。     

子女性别对农民工外地务工决策的影响——基于中国劳动力动态调查数据的经验分析

农村改革使劳动力流动的障碍得以消除,农村劳动力不断向城市流动。外地务工反映了农民工务工地决策中的地点选择,对其研究有助于在微观层面了解农民工流动的倾向及其内在原因。利用2014年和2016年中国劳动力动态调查数据,运用最小二乘法和工具变量回归方法,分析子女性别差异对农民工外地务工的影响。结果表明,外地务工的农民工收入相对更高,同时家中拥有儿子的农民工更可能选择外地务工。第一胎为男孩将显著提高农民工外地务工的概率,从子女所处成长阶段看,当子女处于婴幼儿和接受义务教育阶段时,子女性别对农民工外地务工影响较小;而当子女处于婚配阶段时,生养儿子将显著提高农民工外地务工的可能性;当子女家庭趋于稳定之后,子女性别的影响不再显著。研究表明,男孩偏好观念对子女性别的影响具有协同作用;当子女处于婚配阶段时,助儿购/建房是农民工外地务工的原因之一。因此,提出营造男女平等的社会环境;积极落实与二胎政策相关的配套政策;进一步推进城乡一体化发展等建议。     

福建省漳州师范学院经济适用节能型图书馆中心机房初步规划

根据漳州师范学院图书馆的自身条件和电子资源服务现状按照经济适用节能型理念对图书馆中心机房进行初步规划,通过Vmware ESX sever虚拟服务器软件的方式并结合电子资源使用率合理规划,减少了中心机房服务器数量,节约了成本,减少了热排放,增加了稳定性,提高了服务质量,已初见成效。     

浅谈建筑装饰专业学生就业方向和职业能力培养

本文针对家装设计、绘图和识图能力对装饰专业的重要性等方面,对建筑装饰专业学生的就业方向和职业能力的培养进行了粗略的探讨。     

智能家居对室内设计的影响

在分析智能家居系统功能的基础上,简要介绍了智能家居的设计原则,详细讨论了智能家居对室内设计的影响。     

从国内外林木育种进展谈福建省林木育种工作

本文回顾了国内林木育种工作的进展情况，介绍了林业发达国家林木育种的特点，并对福建省林木育种工作提出建议。     

Forest villages: an agroforestry approach to rehabilitating forest land degraded by shifting cultivation in Thailand

The Forest village scheme was introduced by the Forest Industries Organisation (FIO) of Thailand in 1967 as an attempt to stop further spread of the fast increasing shifting cultivation and deforestation in the country. The underlying princple of the scheme is to relate reforestation with social welfare of the people involved. It is essentially a modification of the traditional taungya method of plantation establishment.The salient aspect of the scheme is to induce the shifting cultivators to settle down in villages where each family is given tenure over a plot of land to construct a house and develop a homegarden around it. The farmers are required to help establish and maintain forest plantations, in which they are permitted to raise agricultural crops during the first three years of its establishment. The farmers are also given free medical and educational facilities, and technical advice on crop and livestock husbandry. They can also earn cash rewards for successful plantation establishment.Although the scheme has not achieved its full target in terms of area covered and number of families settled, it is proving to be a successful method of luring people away from destructive shifting cultivation. The approach is applicable to other countries and regions with similar land-use problems and socio-cultural background.The paper also examines the constraints to the effective working of the scheme, provides some simple suggestions for improving its functioning and identies some of the issues that can easily be tackled by research.     

Load behaviors of a prefabricated wood framing house during lifting and transportation

Lifting for handling and flatbed truck transportation to the job site are important processes during manufacture of prefabri-cated wooden construction units like mini homes and building modules. Significant damage can occur to sections or components of units during these operations. Although damage usually will not impair its structural safety, it is costly to fix and causes the public to perceive prefabricated wooden buildings as low quality products. Field observations and preliminary numerical models for prefabri-cated units subject to lifting and transportation forces are summarized here. Once fully developed and verified, models will support the creation of damage mitigation strategies centered on structural details indicating how units are to be supported during lifting and transportation.