八种中草药体外抑制大肠杆菌的效果观察

选取马尾松、田基黄、艾草、雷公根、芭蕉芯、浮萍、野菊花、番石榴叶8种中草药，采用常规中草药药敏试验打孔法和试管法对猪大肠杆菌（K88）、大肠杆菌（0157）进行体外抑菌试验。结果显示，艾草、野菊花、番石榴叶对大肠杆菌呈高度敏感，其中艾草对大肠杆菌抑菌力最强；马尾松挥发油对大肠杆菌呈中度敏感；田基黄、雷公根、芭蕉芯、浮萍对大肠杆菌无抑菌作用。     

中草药免疫活性物质对鱼类肠道菌群群落的影响研究进展

对近年来国内外有关中草药免疫活性物质对鱼类肠道菌群群落结构的影响进行了综述,旨在为开发绿色高效、营养全面的饲料提供科学的理论依据。     

Research Lactobacillus rhamnosusFermented Herbal and Bacillus subtilis Complex on Immune Performance,E.coli Infection of Broiler

This experiment was designed to study the complex of Lactobacillus rhamnosus fermented herbal and Bacillus subtilis on White Feather broiler immunity performance and impact of Escherichia coli infection.360 one-day-old broiler chickens were randomly divided into 3 groups with 4 replicates in each group and 30 chickens per replicate.The pretrial period lasted for 7 d,and the experiment lasted for 35 d.The chickens in the group Ⅰ(positive control group) and group Ⅱ(negative control group)were all only fed a basal diet,group Ⅲ was test group,by additive 1% fermented herbal preparations,groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL E.coli at 35 d,broiler mortality,immune organ index,cecalmicroflora content,immunoglobulin levels,IL-2 and IL-6 content were tested.The results showed that injection of E.coli caused massive death of chickens,group Ⅱtook up to 75.00%,it was significantly higher than groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P < 0.05),the mortality in group Ⅲ was significantly lower than group Ⅱ(P < 0.05),was only 23.33%.Injection of E.coli maked spleen index and thymus index of group Ⅱincreased significantly (P < 0.05),the spleen index and thymus index of groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ were no significant difference (P > 0.05).E.coli counts was significantly decreased after injectionin group Ⅲ (P < 0.05),but the number of intestinal Lactobacilli of group Ⅲ was significantly increased (P < 0.05),and inhibited the propagation of E.coli,the counts of E.coli in groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ were no significant difference (P > 0.05).At 42 d,the sIgA of the intestinal fluid in group Ⅲ were higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ with 11.99% and 36.56%,respectively(P < 0.05).The serum IgG concentrations of group Ⅲ was higher than that of groupsⅠand Ⅱwith 14.68% and 28.15%,respectively(P < 0.05).At 42 d,the IL-2 content of group Ⅱ was the lowest,it was significantly lower than group Ⅲ(P < 0.05),the IL-6 of group Ⅲ was significantly lower than group Ⅱ(P < 0.05).     

三种中药及绿茶对烟焦油引起的小鼠肝ANDM和GST活性变化的影响

通过烟焦油对小鼠肝微粒体ANDM和GST的作用,探讨甘草、黄芪、五味子及绿茶的抗烟毒作用。采用钙沉淀法制备肝微粒体,Lowry法测定蛋白含量并测定小鼠肝微粒体中的ANDM、GST活性水平。结果表明,2%LD50(0.01 g/kg)的烟焦油可使小鼠肝脏中ANDM显著升高,对GST的影响不明显,经统计学检验差异无显著性(P>0.05)。大剂量甘草、黄芪、五味子及绿茶组可使焦油升高的ANDM明显降低,并明显升高GST活性,经统计学检验差异有显著性(P<0.01)。说明甘草、黄芪、五味子及绿茶有明显的抗烟毒作用。     

常用中草药对4种病原弧菌体外抗菌效果的研究

采用琼脂扩散法(打孔法)测定了五倍子等18种中草药对鳗弧菌、副溶血弧菌、河口弧菌及霍乱弧菌等4种病原弧菌的抑制作用。结果表明,五倍子、苏木、地锦草、石榴皮、黄芩、虎杖和山楂等7种中草药对病原弧菌具有较好的抑菌效果,而金银花等11种中草药抑菌作用较弱;同时采用试管连续稀释法,测定了五倍子等抑菌效果较强的7种中草药对4种病原弧菌的抑菌和杀菌浓度。结果表明,苏木、五倍子、地锦草和石榴皮4种中药具有较好的抑菌和杀菌作用,此4种中药对鳗弧菌、副溶血弧菌、河口弧菌及霍乱弧菌等4种病原弧菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为0.78～6.25mg/ml,最小杀菌浓度(MBC)为3.12～12.5mg/ml。     

金银花等复方草药对牙鲆生长、消化和免疫能力的影响

将大(394.5～401.8g)、中(283.8～324.3g)、小(94.5～112.3g)3种规格的牙鲆(Paralichthysolivaceus)放养在8个10.0m×10.0m×0.8m水泥池中,投喂含金银花、人参和山楂等中草药的饲料。经28d、56d和83d的饲养表明,摄食含中草药饲料的大、中、小规格鱼的瞬时增重率分别比对照组提高22.4%、18.9%和2.9%(P<0.05);饲料系数分别下降20.77%、4.26%～39.42%和12.14%,饲料转化效率提高3.0%～36.4%、23.53%和11.1%(P<0.05);胃和肠蛋白酶活性分别显著地提高11.66%、13.49%、9.13%和11.3%、16.64%、8.55%(P<0.05);胃和肠淀粉酶活性分别提高2.63%、3.77%、2.31%和6.5%、14.47%、5.54%,但差异不显著(P>0.05);血清溶菌酶和总蛋白含量分别提高12.43%、15.38%～17.31%、14.43%～17.56%和7.07%、5.28%～11.54%和7.82%～8.75%,但各组间差异不显著(P>0.05);血清SOD活力显著提高9.53%、9.09%和15.14%(P<0.05)。     

4种中草药对金鱼的急性毒性试验

在常温静水条件下,选用4种中草药对金鱼进行急性毒性试验。根据96hTLm来判断药物对金鱼的毒性大小。结果表明：这4种中草药的毒性大小顺序为：贯众〉苦楝〉青蒿〉鱼腥草;高浓度中草药水提液和CuSO4同时使用时毒性较大;置金鱼于中草药水提液中药浴后进行CuSO4毒性试验,除鱼腥草外,药浴72小时以内可降低其死亡率。     

乐山市主要自然灾害对中药材种植的影响及减灾举措

乐山适宜多种中药材种植,是川产道地药材主产区。但境内地理气候条件复杂,自然灾害类型多,对中药材生产影响较大。作者综述了近年来乐山市主要自然灾害类型,对中药材生产的影响,并针对各种自然灾害提出了应对措施。     

湖北四湖地区的野菜资源及其开发利用

依据湖北四湖地区的地理位置、地貌和气候等自然条件，将区内野菜的生境分为湖泊、塘渊沟渠、沼泽、河流洲滩、村落和田土等生态系统；以二单元分类方法记述了四湖地区34科59属的野菜79种；阐述了区内重要野菜的种类、野菜蕴藏量、利用价值和开发利用现状；提出了开展四湖地区重点野菜资源调查研究，制订野菜资源的保护措施，建立野菜商品生产基地及野菜人工驯化栽培等开发利用对策。