Enhancement of sulfide auto-oxidation by metal ion in artificial seawater and a seawater which is a possible source of aoshio

SUMMARY: Aoshio is hypoxic milky blue-green seawater observed in some eutrophic bays. Previous studies have shown that colloidal sulfur causes the coloration and that the source of aoshio water is attributed to coastal anoxic bottom water. Occurrences of aoshio have been reported in limited areas of coastal seawater, although hypoxic transparent water seems rather universal. Promotion in auto-oxidation of sulfide by metal ions in seawater was investigated to explain the occurrences of aoshio. Artificial seawater containing 10 μM metal ion was assayed for the sulfide oxidation rate. The velocity constant which represents the oxidation rate within the initial 30 min and the amount of reacted sulfide in 2 h were determined by oxygen monitoring and sulfide quantification, respectively. Fe²⁺ and Cu²⁺ enhanced the initial 30 min reaction. Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺ and Ni²⁺ increased the amount of reacted sulfide in 2 h, forming whitish turbid water. Seawater from a suspected source of aoshio water was also assayed for the auto-oxidation rate of sulfide. The oxidation rate in water from 12 m depth was 13–19 times higher than the artificial seawater without an addition of heavy metal ions. More than 15% of the oxidation rate in 12 m deep seawater was explained by dissolved iron in the seawater.     

Study on Cultural Technologies and Salt-resistance of Nitraria sibirica in Coastal Areas with Serious Salt-affected Soil

In this research, five Nitraria sibirica provenances such as Dayilu were selected to do experiment of salt-resistance, combining fixed plots test with typical plot investigation, measuring survival rate and growth as main indicators. The experiments of main cultural technology were done on Nitraria sibirica in 4 types of site preparation, 3 types of planting, 3 designs for planting density. The Nitraria sibirica experiments for the effects of curbing salt and improving soil were done by testing soil nutrients, salt content, soil physical properties as focal points in typical site of 3-4 years woods. The experiment results showed that the Nitraria sibirica could survive well with soil salt content of 0.6%, and that survival rate declined distinctively as soil salt content exceeded 0.8%. However, high soil salt content did not influence growth in the year of planting. There were obvious differences in salt-tolerance among Nitraria sibirica provenances; Dayilu was the best on salt-tolerance, the other 4 pro     

The Effect of Lead and Zinc on Plant Growth and Chlorophyll Content of Holcus lanatus L.

Root length of Holcus lanatus L. declined rapidly with increasing lead and zinc concentrations in nutrient solution. In all used Pb and Zn concentrations root growth of genotypes coming from a Pb-Zn mine area, was greater than that of the control, suggesting that these genotypes evolved tolerance to Pb and Zn.
Negative correlation was also observed between chlorophyll content and increased heavy metal concentrations. The greater chlorophyll content found in tolerant genotypes, in different Pb and Zn concentrations, in comparison with the control, could be served to distinguish tolerant and non-tolerant genotypes.     

有色金属材料在汽车上的应用现状与展望

综述了有色金属的性能特点及当今世界汽车工业中有色金属的应用与展望,阐明汽车有色金属化是汽车轻量化的主要途径.汽车轻量化后可以有效地节约能源和减少环境污染.     

铅、镉和铬在叶类蔬菜中的累积及对其生长的影响

 研究结果表明: 重金属元素铅(Pb) 、镉(Cd) 、铬(Cr) 对几种叶类蔬菜生长和产量都有明显的影响, 且其影响因蔬菜种类、元素种类和浓度的不同而有很大差异, 叶用莴苣> 苋菜> 芥菜> 菜薹>蕹菜, Cr > Cd > Pb ; 不同蔬菜类型可食部位积累重金属元素的顺序为苋菜> 叶用莴苣> 菜薹> 蕹菜> 芥菜;各元素从营养液向蔬菜体内转移的迁移累积率顺序为Cd > Cr > Pb。随着各元素浓度的增大, 对蔬菜生长的影响和其可食部分的富集量随之加大。     

沈阳市土壤重金属的空间变异规律分析

运用地统计学采样和分析方法,研究了沈阳市土壤重金属污染的空间变异特征及其规律。结果表明,土壤4种重金属平均值含量最大的为铅,最小的为铬,变异系数大小顺序为铜〉锌〉铅〉铬。经理论模型的最优拟合,发现锌、铜的最佳拟合,模型为指数模型,铅的最佳拟合模型为球状模型,铬的最佳拟合模型为线形模型。4种重金属中锌、铜的空间相关性较强,其空间变异主要是由结构性因素引起的;铅的空间相关性适中,其空间变异是由结构性因素和随机性因素共同作用的;铬的空间结构性最弱,其变异主要是由随机性因素引起的。     

甘蔗热带种金属硫蛋白家族基因的克隆及响应重金属胁迫的表达分析

金属硫蛋白是一类富含巯基的低分子量蛋白,在植物的重金属解毒及细胞氧化还原调控等方面起重要的作用。本研究以甘蔗热带种Badila组培苗为材料,分别测定了其在CdCl2、ZnSO4和CuCl2水溶液培养条件下地上部和地下部的重金属含量,结果显示其对上述3种重金属有较强的耐受与富集能力。继而克隆了ScMT1(登录号为KJ504373)、ScMT2-1-5 (登录号为MH191346)和ScMT3 (登录号为KJ5043704) 3个金属硫蛋白家族基因,它们分别属于植物MT亚家族中的MT1、MT2和MT3型基因。ScMT1含有1个内含子和2个外显子,开放阅读框(Open Reading Frame, ORF)长228 bp,编码75个氨基酸; ScMT2-1-5含有2个内含子和3个外显子, ORF长246 bp,编码81个氨基酸; ScMT3含有1个内含子和2个外显子, ORF长198 bp,编码65个氨基酸。RT-qPCR显示, Cd2+胁迫下,在甘蔗地上部和地下部, ScMT2-1-5均连续显著上调表达,而ScMT1的上调应答出现延迟。ScMT3在地上部的上调应答出现延迟,在地下部呈"扬–...     

小白菜在不同生长阶段对重金属Cd的敏感性研究

通过小白菜盆栽试验,将小白菜的生长期分3个阶段,每个阶段10d,在不同生长阶段分别用含有Cd离子的水进行灌溉,并以清水作对照,研究分析了不同生长阶段重金属镉对小白菜的叶绿素含量的影响,对根系和茎叶干物质积累量的影响,以及对根系和茎叶中重金属Cd累积与分布的影响,表明小白菜生长的中后期不宜用含有Cd离子的污废水进行灌溉。     

香蕉对砷镉铅的富集转运特征及土壤重金属安全阈值

建立土壤重金属安全阈值是保障我国农产品质量安全的一道重要屏障.本研究通过盆栽模拟实验研究香蕉对砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)3种重金属的富集转运特点,进一步通过建立香蕉茎叶与土壤As、Cd、Pb总量和有效态含量的关系,推导香蕉种植系统的土壤As、Cd、Pb的安全阈值.结果显示,Cd、Pb对香蕉生物量表现出"低促高抑...