热改性坡缕石对土壤Cd污染的钝化修复研究

为探讨不同热解温度下的坡缕石对土壤中重金属Cd的钝化效果,将坡缕石颗粒分别在250、300、350、400、450℃条件下热解2.5 h,将其施用于重金属Cd污染土壤中,进行钝化试验和盆栽试验来判断对Cd污染土壤的钝化效果。结果表明:添加不同温度的热改性坡缕石均不同程度地提高了土壤pH、EC和CEC,使DTPA和TCLP提取态Cd含量显著降低,在添加350℃的热改性坡缕石钝化土壤时,两种提取态Cd含量降幅最大,分别为39.7%和32.6%。添加350℃的热改性坡缕石可以促进Cd由活性高的酸溶态向活性低的残渣态转化,从而有效降低Cd的迁移能力。添加热改性坡缕石有助于玉米植株的生长,与对照相比,玉米植株的根长、株高、鲜质量和干质量都有显著的增高,同时Cd从土壤到地上部分的富集和地下部分到地上部分的转运有了明显的降低。因此,热改性坡缕石可作为钝化修复重金属污染土壤的环保材料。     

Screening of properties of modified chitosan-treated wood

Chitosan is a biopolymer derived from chitin in crustacean shells. Over the past decade it has been studied as an environmentally benign wood-protecting agent. It is assumed to act as a fungi-stat against a wide range of fungi and even as a fungicide at higher concentrations. This study investigated the properties of wood treated with modified chitosan of different molecular weights. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) samples were impregnated with two chitosan solutions differing in their average molecular weights. The chitosan solutions were depolymerized by nitrous acid to one solution of high molecular weight and one solution of low molecular weight with a concentration of 5% (w/v). The results show changes in sorption properties, antifungal properties, fire-retardant properties and mechanical properties of modified chitosan-treated wood. Heat-modified, chitosan-treated wood showed similar properties to chitosan-treated wood, except for brownish coloration, enhanced hydrophobation, and slightly reduced antifungal and fire-retardant properties. The modulus of rupture and hardness showed little or no change. The modulus of elasticity of the heat-modified, chitosan-treated wood increased by 27% compared with untreated wood.     

Screening of properties of modified chitosan-treated wood

Abstract

Chitosan is a biopolymer derived from chitin in crustacean shells. Over the past decade it has been studied as an environmentally benign wood-protecting agent. It is assumed to act as a fungi-stat against a wide range of fungi and even as a fungicide at higher concentrations. This study investigated the properties of wood treated with modified chitosan of different molecular weights. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) samples were impregnated with two chitosan solutions differing in their average molecular weights. The chitosan solutions were depolymerized by nitrous acid to one solution of high molecular weight and one solution of low molecular weight with a concentration of 5% (w/v). The results show changes in sorption properties, antifungal properties, fire-retardant properties and mechanical properties of modified chitosan-treated wood. Heat-modified, chitosan-treated wood showed similar properties to chitosan-treated wood, except for brownish coloration, enhanced hydrophobation, and slightly reduced antifungal and fire-retardant properties. The modulus of rupture and hardness showed little or no change. The modulus of elasticity of the heat-modified, chitosan-treated wood increased by 27% compared with untreated wood.