3种生物农药对悬铃木方翅网蝽的室内毒力及解毒酶活性的影响

室内条件下采用浸叶法分别测定苦参碱、阿维菌素、苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bt)3种药剂对悬铃木方翅网蝽1,5龄若虫和成虫的毒力;采用生化方法测定3种药剂对不同虫态悬铃木方翅网蝽的羧酸酯酶(CarE)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)活性影响。结果表明:3种药剂对方翅网蝽具有较好的毒杀效果,校正死亡率均随着浓度的增加而升高。1龄若虫对药剂的敏感性最强,5龄若虫和成虫的敏感性相近。3种药剂中苦参碱的毒力最高,对1,5龄若虫和成虫的LC50分别为0.1957,194.9和197.3mg·L-1;其次为阿维菌素,对不同虫态的LC50分别为10.66,420.5和472.0mg·L-1;苏云金杆菌对不同虫态的LC50分别为3.23,1414.2和6967.2mg·L-1。3种药剂处理后,悬铃木方翅网蝽不同虫态的羧酸酯酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性均产生不同程度的诱导效应。以苏云金杆菌处理的解毒酶活性增强最明显,1,5龄若虫和成虫的3种解毒酶活性均明显高于对照;其次为阿维菌素处理,3种虫态的谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性,1龄若虫的乙酰胆碱酯酶活性和成虫的羧酸酯酶活性明显高于对照;苦参碱处理的解毒酶活性增强最不明显,仅引起3种虫态的谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性、1龄若虫的乙酰胆碱酯酶活性较对照显著增强。1,5龄若虫和成虫不同虫态相比,药剂处理后的5龄若虫体内解毒酶活性高于成虫和1龄若虫。     

Specific polyclonal antibodies for the obligate plant parasite Polymyxa— a targeted recombinant DNA approach

Highly specific rabbit polyclonal antibodies for the obligate sugar-beet root parasite, Polymyxa betae , were produced using a novel recombinant DNA approach. Parasite cDNA was selectively isolated from infected roots, expressed in vitro , and the purified protein used to raise antibodies. This produced clean, precisely targeted antibodies, and allowed for rigorous screening of candidate genes and their products at the molecular level prior to animal immunization. This approach selects for genes whose products are highly expressed by the parasite in planta , and five such candidate genes from Polymyxa betae were identified and cloned. Polyclonal antiserum developed using the product of one such gene was found to react specifically with P. betae in sugar-beet roots and with the closely related Polymyxa graminis in barley roots, and to cross-react with Plasmodiophora brassicae in cabbage roots, without the need for further purification. No cross-reaction was detected with protein extracts from potato roots infected by the plasmodiophoromycete Spongospora subterranea . In all cases, there was no interaction with proteins from host plants, or from other microorganisms found in association with uninoculated sugar-beet, barley, cabbage and potato roots.     

假臭草精油对小菜蛾的毒力及酶活力的影响

为了探讨外来入侵杂草假臭草的科学利用方法,用点滴法和熏蒸法测定了假臭草精油对小菜蛾的毒杀、拒食作用及其对小菜蛾体内羧酸酯酶和谷胱甘肽-s-转移酶活性的影响。结果表明,假臭草精油对小菜蛾幼虫有一定的毒杀作用,点滴处理48 h致死中浓度为2.102×105mg·L-1、熏蒸处理48 h致死中浓度为1.404×105mg·L-1;假臭草精油对小菜蛾幼虫有明显的拒食作用,12 h拒食中浓度为2.69×104mg·L-1,处理浓度为1.00×105mg·L-1,拒食率可达100%,不同处理时间的拒食中浓度无明显差异。假臭草精油处理小菜蛾幼虫会导致小菜蛾幼虫体内的羧酸酯酶和谷胱甘肽-s-转移酶活性的变化,但未呈现出规律性。