我国中/高密度纤维板发展现状与思考

根据调查和有关文献,对我国中/高密度纤维板的发展状况进行了总结,并提出中/高密度纤维板未来发展的建议和设想.     

Importance of the River Teviot to Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, rod catches in the River Tweed, Scotland

Abstract  The body mass distributions and variations in abundance of the spring and autumn catches of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., were compared between fisheries above and below the confluence of the rivers Tweed and Teviot, Scotland. Significant differences between the distributions were found over three periods, one in spring and two in autumn, when salmon catches were high. Correlations were found between abundance trends for periods when distributions were similar or dissimilar. Abundance of salmon returning to the River Teviot was proportional to the main river. However, its population structure differed when abundances were high, suggesting different survival strategies. It appears that changes in the numbers returning to the river were resultant of changes in the marine rather than freshwater environment.     

哈达门国家森林公园游客量动态预测

根据哈达门国家森林公园的票房数据，应用灰色系统理论建立旅游量灰色动态模型。基此，对哈园游客量进行了中短期预测，其预测检验精度为９３．７２。旨在对该园建设、管理等项决策提供科学依据。     

南京市能见度变化趋势及其影响因素

利用1980~2013年南京国家基本气象站的地面常规气象要素和能见度观测资料,剔除相对湿度和天气现象对能见度的影响,采用等级分析法、"非常好"能见度出现频率法、累积百分率法、Ridit中值分析等方法,分析了南京地区大气能见度的年际和季节变化趋势;并利用偏相关分析法分析了能见度与气温、气压、平均风速和相对湿度的相关关系。结果表明,能见度有明显日变化和季节变化,一天中,8:00最差,14:00最好;一年之中,能见度夏季最好,冬季最差。1980~1984年南京能见度呈上升趋势,1985~2004年呈波动下降趋势,2005~2013年则呈缓慢上升趋势;"较差"和"一般"能见度出现频率呈现上升趋势,"较好"能见度出现频率则明显下降。能见度水平逐年代下降但降幅减小;能见度等级分布的季节差异逐年代减小。能见度与平均风速呈正相关,与相对湿度呈负相关。由于南京地区气候条件的影响,能见度与气压和气温均存在季节性差异,能见度与气压在冬季呈较好的正相关,与气温夏季呈正相关、冬季呈负相关。     

国内气力式玉米精量排种器研究进展

近年来，我国机械化技术水平不断提高，精量播种正逐步取代传统的粗放式播种，从而降低了种植成本，同时提高了生产效率和利润。目前，我国玉米单产水平存在较大提升空间，提升玉米机械播种水平是提高玉米播种质量和增加产量的有效方式。本文对气力式玉米精量排种器的研究现状进行了综述，包括气吸式、气吹式和气压式3种类型，分别总结了其结构、工作原理和工作参数、性能、优势等，评述了试验效果；针对玉米精量排种器目前存在的问题进行了分析，并提出了未来的发展趋势，以期为促进玉米机械化生产提供参考。     

发动机装配线技术现状及发展趋势

汽车发动机在装配中,因为发动机工艺的复杂性、零部件的多样性,发动机装配线就显得十分重要。文章主要阐述了汽车发动机装配线应具有的要求以及发动机装配线应具备的基本功能,并对发动机装配线技术现状提出发展趋势的预测。     

小型潜水电泵的历史与发展趋势

回顾了国内外小型潜水电泵的发展历史；分析了现状与存在问题；探讨了今后的发展趋势。     

我国油菜品种改良现状及发展趋势

为了解我国油菜主导品种的品质发展现状和品种改良趋势,以“油菜品种改良”“油菜育种”“油菜产业发展”为关键词检索了PubMed、SpringerLink及中国知网等数据库,获得1987—2023年已发表的相关文献70篇,并结合农业农村部、国家统计局和中国种业大数据平台发布的油菜主导品种数据,综合分析我国油菜主导品种及产业现状、存在的风险与不足以及未来发展趋势。结果表明：1）我国油菜种植面积趋于稳定,油菜品种数量大幅增长,多样性更趋丰富;2）油菜主导品种含油率提升明显,且单产不断取得突破;3）当前我国油菜品种存在一些风险,如特专型品种含油率和产量较低、油菜品种同质化严重、抗病性不强、生育期短且抗逆性强的品种不足等。综上,我国油菜产业在品种改良和产业发展方面取得了显著进展,但仍需关注品种品质和抗病性等问题。未来可通过加强油菜种质资源收集与利用推进转基因生物育种的研发,推进油菜株型、抗性和光合效能的改造以实现产油率等一系列性状的再突破,满足多元化需求,探索密植增产技术,提升油菜机械化生产水平,推动我国油菜产业的可持续发展。     

Climate‐induced vulnerability of fisheries in the Coral Triangle: Skipjack Tuna thermal spawning habitats

We investigated projected changes in sea surface temperature (SST) and the associated impacts on spawning habitat for skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) in the Coral Triangle region (CT). A multimodel aggregate of SST CMIP5 models for the CT region, based on a comprehensive skill validation assessment, was used to identify the five best performing of 36 models tested for inclusion in a regional multimodel ensemble. Monthly 1° SST multimodel aggregate projections for the CT region under RCP8.5 show that increases in SST, as high as 2.8°C (mean value), will likely occur by the end of this century. Using these estimates of SST change, we applied three parameterizations of skipjack tuna spawning temperatures to assess the potential for change in spawning habitat within the CT region. The three spawning temperature parameterizations were as follows: (a) a square‐wave function derived from catch data with boundaries at 26 and 30°C; (b) a symmetric Gaussian function derived from the SEAPODYM models; and (c) an asymmetric Gaussian function that modifies the SEAPODYM curve in (b) to include the results of relevant physiological experiments. All three parameterizations show similar geographic patterns, with the amount of favourable spawning habitat decreasing throughout the central, equatorial CT region and increasing at higher latitudes. However, the three parameterizations show marked differences in the modelled magnitude of change, with an asymmetric Gaussian function (ASGF) showing a regionwide average of 66.1% decline in favourable spawning habitat between 2015 and 2099. These projected changes in tuna spawning habitats are likely to have important consequences on local and regional fisheries management in the CT region.