群钻钻削精度试验

通过群钻钻头直径Ｄ，进给量ｆ和切削速度ｎ对孔径扩张量，圆度，孔中心线垂直度和直线度影响的试验，得出它们的变化规律。     

泡沫比例混合器在液下喷射灭火系统中的应用

提出了环泵泡沫比例混合器和泡沫压力比例混合器在相应灭火系统中的应用、安装和操作中应注意的问题，对两种泡沫比例混合器组成的系统进行了对比，认为环泵比例混合泡沫灭火系统采用正压进水，可以克服负压进水方式存在的缺陷，比较适合油库火灾的扑救；压力比例混合泡沫灭火系统灵活性、匹配性较差，适用于泡沫混合液流量相对不变的火灾扑救。     

Phenotypic and allelic variation for wort protein Z in Australian and Canadian barleys

Protein Z is a major component in beer foam. Two-dimensional electrophoresis was used to analyze wort proteins of two Australian (Buloke and Commander) and two Canadian (CDC Meredith and Bentley) varieties. The Canadian barley contained more abundant proteins from MW 40–45 kDa (pI 5 to 7). These proteins were identified as either protein Z4 or protein Z7 using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Full-length gene of protein Z4 and Z7 were sequenced from Canadian and Australian barleys. Sequence differences were identified in the coding region and upstream regions of the two genes, resulting in protein sequence and expression variations. Molecular markers were designed according to the indels in the upstream regions of protein Z4 and Z7 genes. These markers were highly correlated to wort protein Z content in Canadian and Australian varieties. The Canadian barleys contained ‘high level’ genotypes for protein Z4 and Z7 while most Australian barleys had ‘low level’ genotypes for protein Z4, Z7 or both. The markers identified in this study provide a valuable tool for the selection of protein Z alleles in marker-assisted breeding. Total protein Z content was assessed using different steeping conditions, and increasing air-rest time increased protein Z content in 15 varieties.     

Simulation of the penetration rate (ROP) of the air percussion drilling

It is difficult to calculate the penetration rate (ROP) of percussion drilling. In the early research, the empirical or semiempirical formulae of the ROP are derived from the laboratory or field data collected by the researchers. However, the ROP value of the formulae is not as accurate as that in the field. Benefiting from the dynamic model, the geometric structure model and the theory of the roller cone bit, the mathematical model of the hammer bit, the mathematical model of the true bottom hole and the mathematical model between the tooth and the rock of the hammer bit are established. Hence the ROP of the air percussion drilling can be predicted by simulation. Field tests show the models are reliable and the results are coincident with that in the field. The research can help to redesign the hammer bit and optimize the drilling parameters.     

电磁振动排种器的试验研究

对排种盘上的种子进行了运动分析,论述了电磁振动排种器的工作原理。通过试验,找出了振动式排种器各运动参数对排种器排种量的影响规律。对不同形状的中、小粒种子进行了条播和精播台架试验,并对水稻、小麦种子进行了田间试验,结果表明:该排种器适用于各种形状复杂的中、小粒种子,播种精度高,不损伤种子。     

新疆阿拉尔垦区棉花精量播种技术现状及应用

推广棉花精量播种技术不仅可以大大提高农业劳动生产效率、减少棉农的劳动强度、实现农业节本增效,而且对促进棉花品种、品质的提高,实现棉花增产增收、优质高效都具有十分重要的意义。为此,阐述了阿拉尔垦区的棉花精量播种技术现状及技术要点,分析了精量播种技术在棉花作业的综合应用效果,指出推广棉花精量播种技术需要注意的主要环节。     

酚醛泡沫对蚯蚓及土壤微生物活性的影响

为检测市面上某种农用酚醛泡沫的使用安全性,采用人工土壤法研究酚醛泡沫对赤子爱胜蚓的急性毒性;同时测定了酚醛泡沫暴露64 d后的慢性毒性效应,对蚯蚓超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性的影响,并分析了土壤中性磷酸酶（S-NP）、脲酶（S-UE）活性和呼吸速率的变化,探讨了酚醛泡沫对土壤活性及功能的影响。结果表明:酚醛泡沫对赤子爱胜蚓的急性半致死浓度大于5 000 mg·kg^-1;酚醛泡沫（1~5 000 mg·kg^-1）处理64 d后,蚯蚓GSH-Px活性变化范围为27.47~56.96U·mg^-1,SOD活性变化范围为32.43~58.10 U·mg^-1,两种酶活性均显著增加（P<0.05）。不添加酚醛泡沫的对照处理土壤呼吸速率为0.067 μmol·g^-1·h^-1,添加酚醛泡沫的处理组为0.041~0.055 μmol·g^-1·h^-1,表明酚醛泡沫添加显著（P<0.05）抑制了土壤呼吸;但酚醛泡沫处理对土壤S-NP和S-UE活性没有显著影响。研究表明,酚醛泡沫材料（5 000 mg·kg^-1）对蚯蚓没有致死作用,但会诱导蚯蚓酶活性显著增强,抑制土壤呼吸速率。     

冬小麦双覆条播试验初报

试验表明,双覆条播与常规露地条播相比,当季增产率为１６．４８ ％ ,潜在增产率为１１ ．５８ ％ ,理论增产率为２８ ．０６％ ,而且增强了小麦根系生长,地膜还可被下茬作物再利用。     

水稻穴播同步侧位深施肥技术试验研究

根据水稻种植的农艺要求,在同步开沟起垄水稻精量穴播技术的基础上进一步提出了一种水稻穴播同步侧位深施肥技术。调查了在不同种植方式条件下不同品种的水稻根系在稻田中的分布情况,根据根系的分布情况研究了深施肥技术参数,确定了深施肥深度以不超过10 cm为宜,研究了培杂泰丰、玉香油占2种品种水稻施入0~5 cm土层与5~10 cm土层中的肥料比例关系。试验结果表明华南农业大学研制的同步开沟起垄侧位深施肥水稻精量穴播机能满足水稻穴播同步侧位深施肥技术的要求,可以作为实施水稻穴播同步侧位深施肥技术的载体。生产试验表明:水稻穴播同步侧位深施肥技术具有增产、节本的效用。在同等的施肥条件下,机械播种及深施肥处理的有效穗、穗平均实粒数、结实率均高于机械播种人工撒施肥和人工撒直播人工撒施肥,增产418.5~957 kg/hm2,增幅5.86%~13.41%。该文研究可为深施肥机具的设计提供参考依据。     

马铃薯气力精量播种机设计与试验

针对目前中国马铃薯播种机普遍存在作业速度慢、精度低、重漏播率高等关键问题,根据中国北方马铃薯一季作区大规模、大面积和高效精量播种的农艺要求,该文研制了一种马铃薯气力式精量播种机,该机一次作业可完成马铃薯开沟、侧深分层施肥、高速播种和覆土等多项功能。设计了气吸式马铃薯播种机多臂均布式排种器结构、分体式滑刀开沟器、排种器风机和动态供种装置;确定了包括配气阀、吸种臂及2种(常规薯、微型薯)吸种嘴的排种器关键部件的结构参数。田间生产试验表明,马铃薯气力精量播种机作业速度可达到10.2 km/h,播种早出苗2~3 d,同苗率达到96%。200 hm2的生产应用表明,本文所研制的马铃薯气力精量播种机重播率≤1%,漏播率≤1%,株距变异系数≤10%,同苗率96%,均超过国家标准且满足马铃薯田间种植的农艺要求,为中国马铃薯机械化播种提供了一种新技术、新装备和新方法。