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Stability of co‐composted hydrochar and biochar under field conditions in a temperate soil 下载免费PDF全文
Hydrothermally converted biomass (hydrochar) is evaluated as a carbon‐rich soil amendment in addition to pyrogenic biochar. After assessing the suitability of hydrochar for use in agriculture, its environmental safety and comparing its chemistry with that of biochar, we describe a field trial established at Halle (Germany) under natural conditions for a temperate climate and without further external management practices. The main objective of our study was to analyse the stability and hence the C sequestration potential of composted chars over a period of 2 years. Four treatments (no amendment control, compost, co‐composted hydrochar and co‐composted biochar) in fourfold field replication were chosen to make a direct comparison of biochar and hydrochar under field conditions. The total organic carbon and total N increased in all treatments in comparison with the control but only in biochar‐amended treatments were N concentrations more stable. Composted biochar showed significantly more black carbon content in topsoil, sampled some months after application, compared with all other treatments. We show that hydrochar is less suitable for long‐term C sequestration in comparison with biochar but has potential for soil amelioration because it delivers essential nutrients. On the other hand, biochar is richer in polyaromatic C than hydrochar and therefore is more stable in the long term. We assessed biochar stability using the black carbon analysis of the different soil samples. 相似文献
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Early survival of Quercus ilex subspecies from different populations after infections and co‐infections by multiple Phytophthora species 下载免费PDF全文
T. Corcobado J. J. Miranda‐Torres J. Martín‐García T. Jung A. Solla 《Plant pathology》2017,66(5):792-804
Forests in Europe are threatened by increased diversity of Phytophthora species, but effects on trees of simultaneous infections by Phytophthora and ecological consequences of their coexistence are unknown. This study explored variation in early survival of Quercus ilex to Phytophthora infections and assessed interactions between Phytophthora species when trees were co‐infected. Three Phytophthora species (P. cinnamomi, P. gonapodyides and P. quercina), seeds from 16 populations of Q. ilex (ballota and ilex subspecies) and two infection times were used as sources of variation in two experiments. The influence of Phytophthora species, Q. ilex subspecies and populations on plant germination and survival were analysed using generalized linear mixed models and survival analysis techniques. Germination rates were not influenced by Phytophthora spp. (P = 0.194) but by the subspecies and populations of Q. ilex (P < 0.001). In Phytophthora‐infested soils, Q. ilex subsp. ilex germinated at higher rates than Q. ilex subsp. ballota. Plant survival was strongly influenced by Phytophthora species (P < 0.001), not by the subspecies and populations of Q. ilex. Seedling mortality was reduced and delayed if a less virulent Phytophthora species infected plants prior to infection by a more virulent Phytophthora species. The results help to explain oak decline syndrome and the lack of natural and artificial regeneration of Q. ilex forests. Lack of interspecific variability of early survival to Phytophthora spp. discourages direct sowing for artificial reforestation programmes. Large, thick seeds, giving plants rapid growth, are advantageous traits when soils are infested with Phytophthora spp. 相似文献
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Pt and Cr co doped Nano TiO2 film was prepared by the sol gel method. The film was characterized by AFM, XRD and UV Vis. The experiment showed that when the average TiO2 film diameter is 32 nm and the film thickness is 290 nm, the rate of photodegradation is 95% in 2.5 hours. Additionally, when the optimal co doping ratio for Pt Cr is n(Pt): n(TiO2) equals 0.03% and n(Cr):n(TiO2) equals 0.4%, the photodegradation of methylene blue for Nano TiO2 film can be enhanced. The photocatalytic properties of Pt and Cr co doped Nano TiO2 film is better than that of pure TiO2 and Pt, Cr separately doped TiO2 film. 相似文献
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三氯乙烯共代谢生物降解研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
采用室内培养试验方法,研究了三氯乙稀(TCE)共代谢对生物降解的影响。结果表明,作为能够支持TCE共代谢的生长基质之一的甲苯的初始浓度对TCE的生物降解影响很大,在TCE对甲苯的物质浓度比为1:23、1:115和1:230的实验中,分别有60%、95.44%和64、3%的TCE被降解了。在第二种浓度比下,TCE和甲苯的降解速率最快,降解程度最为彻底。另外,在TCE和甲苯的降解曲线中观察到了曲线振荡现象,并且两者浓度比越接近于1,其振荡越为严重。 相似文献
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随着我国信息化建设的快速发展,我国大部分高等院校也在加强教学信息化的建设。在教学信息化的建设阶段中,教学资源共享平台的出现起到了很好的推动作用。讨论了目前我国高校在教学资源共享平台建设过程中存在的问题,以及搭建教学资源共享平台需要具备的功能和条件。 相似文献
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Amber Hopkins Michelle Giuffrida Maria Paula Larenza 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2014,41(1):64-72
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of the co-administration of midazolam on the dose requirement for propofol anesthesia induction, heart rate (HR), systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and the incidence of excitement.Study designProspective, randomized, controlled and blinded clinical study, with owner consent.AnimalsSeventeen healthy, client owned dogs weighing 28 ± 18 kg and aged 4.9 ± 3.9 years old.MethodsDogs were sedated with acepromazine 0.025 mg kg?1 and morphine 0.25 mg kg?1 intramuscularly (IM), 30 minutes prior to induction of anesthesia. Patients were randomly allocated to receive midazolam (MP; 0.2 mg kg?1) or sterile normal saline (CP; 0.04 mL kg?1) intravenously (IV) over 15 seconds. Propofol was administered IV immediately following test drug and delivered at 3 mg kg?1 minute?1 until intubation was possible. Scoring of pre-induction sedation, ease of intubation, quality of induction, and presence or absence of excitement following co-induction agent, was recorded. HR, SAP and respiratory rate (fR) were obtained immediately prior to, immediately following, and 5 minutes following induction of anesthesia.ResultsThere were no significant differences between groups with regard to weight, age, gender, or sedation. Excitement occurred in 5/9 dogs following midazolam administration, with none noted in the control group. The dose of propofol administered to the midazolam group was significantly less than in the control group. Differences in HR were not significant between groups. SAP was significantly lower in the midazolam group compared with baseline values 5 minutes after its administration. However, values remained clinically acceptable.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe co-administration of midazolam with propofol decreased the total dose of propofol needed for induction of anesthesia in sedated healthy dogs, caused some excitement and a clinically unimportant decrease in SAP. 相似文献
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二元杀虫剂混配比例与共毒系数的关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在二元杀虫剂混配中,共毒系数与某种农药在混剂中所占的比例关系是一条曲线。这个公式初步推断为y=ax2+bx+c。 相似文献