影响朱砂叶螨自然种群消长的气象因子的模糊划分

根据１９８７－１９９２年年茄子田内朱砂叶螨自然种群数量动态及同期气象资料，利用条件频率法建立了气象因子对叶螨种群消长的隶属函数，详细讨论了温度、湿度、降雨对群消长的影响，用隶属函数对叶螨种群消长进行了拟合，拟合率为９３．５％。结果表明，能很好地对气象因子进行模糊划分。     

偶氮类色素胭脂红对泥鳅组织酯酶同工酶表达的影响

采用肌肉注射法进行染毒,运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法研究胭脂红在不同注射剂量、不同染毒时间对泥鳅肝脏、心脏、脾脏、肌肉酯酶同工酶表达的影响。试验结果表明,经一定剂量的胭脂红注射后,泥鳅酯酶同工酶在脾脏中表达最强,肝脏和心脏次之,肌肉最弱,其中脾脏的表达随时间、浓度呈减弱趋势,其余组织则呈先增强再减弱最后增强的趋势。     

正交法优化‘胭脂萝卜’红色素超声提取工艺

为了优化‘胭脂萝卜’红色素的提取工艺,以‘胭脂红2号’萝卜为原料,采用超声辅助提取法提取萝卜红色素,分析了提取液种类及配比、料液比、提取温度和提取时间等因素对‘胭脂萝卜’红色素提取液吸光值的影响。结果表明：（1）在试验条件下,盐酸丙酮提取的红色素溶液的吸光值最高。（2）提取液配比对吸光值影响达显著水平,料液比、提取温度对吸光值影响达极显著水平。对吸光值的影响从大到小依次为提取温度、料液比和提取液配比。（3）用优化后的提取条件测试不同萝卜品种的红色素含量,发现‘胭脂红1号’和‘胭脂红2号’红色素提取液的吸光值最高。综上,在提取料液比取1:8,提取温度取50℃,提取液选用盐酸丙酮提取液,其配比为10.8%的盐酸:30%的丙酮=1:1,提取时间选20 min的条件下,红色素提取液吸光值最高。     

朱砂叶螨种群动态的模拟预报模型

以河南省虞城县、获加县和灵宝县棉田朱砂叶螨种群动态数据和气象资料为建模材料，通过逐步回归分析分别组建了雌成螨、幼若螨和卵的预报模型。利用该模型对太康县和郑州市棉田朱砂叶螨种群动态进行了模拟，结果表明，该模型具有较高的准确度     

Boron Estimation in Soil,Plant, and Water Samples using Spectrophotometric Methods

Four spectrophotometric methods of boron (B) determination using azomethine-H, carmine, curcumin, and quinalizarin were compared to screen the most suitable one in estimating B concentration in diverse soils, plants and irrigation water samples. The azomethine-H method was the most sensitive in determining extractable B content of soils. All four methods, however, performed with equal efficiency for estimating B concentration in plant tissues. In the case of irrigation water, both carmine and azomethine-H were equally efficient in B determination. Natural concentration of interfering elements for the methods in all the tested soil, plant, and water samples were less than the tolerance limits. Because of sensitivity, ease of adaptation without using strong sulfuric acid, and rapidity, the azomethine-H method may be used for regular B determination in soil, plant, and irrigation water samples.     

棉花蚜螨繁殖率及棉蚜再猖獗

氰戊菊酯曾对棉蚜有极好的防治效果,而对棉叶螨防治效果极差。棉蚜抗药性的发展使药效发生了变化,近来的试验表明,该药对蚜虫药效很差,对伏蚜根本无效,１００和２００ｐｐｍ对棉蚜已属低浓度,可使其繁殖率增加４－８倍,在田间使用氰戊菊酯可形成大的棉蚜群体。在相同浓度下一般可抑制棉叶蚜群体,使药后存活很少的棉叶螨在种间竞争中处于劣势而使群体越来越小。氰戊菊酯的复配剂－丰收菊酯弥补了氰戊菊酯的不足,可同时控制蚜     

不同寄主植物对二斑叶螨和朱砂叶螨发育历期和产卵量的影响

在室内25℃恒温条件下，分别采用菜豆（Phaseolus vulgaris Linn．）、茄子（Solanum melongena Linn．）、月季（Rosa chinensis Jacq．）、桃树（Amygdalus penica Linn．）和转Bt基因抗虫棉（transgenic Bt cotton）等5种植物饲养二斑叶螨（Tetranychus urticae Koch）和朱砂叶螨（T.cinnabarinus（Boisduval）），观察它们在这些寄主上的发育情况。结果表明，不同寄主植物上的2种叶螨发育历期及产卵量略有差别，但2种螨都是在桃树上的发育历期最短，在菜豆上的雌成螨5日产卵量均最高。综合发育历期和产卵量两个因素来看，菜豆和桃树为二斑叶螨的最佳寄主；朱砂叶螨在菜豆、茄子和桃树上发育最适合。2种叶螨相比较，适宜的寄主植物略有不同。     

朱砂叶螨危害对豇豆幼苗叶绿素和蛋白质含量的影响

豇豆幼苗叶片受朱砂叶螨危害0～8 d内,叶绿素、蛋白质含量及组成随危害程度的加深均有不同程度的变化。在试验期内,受害叶片蛋白质含量随危害时间的延长稳定增加,与危害时间之间差异显著(P<0.05),在危害8 d时,两虫口密度之间也产生显著差异(P<0.05);在危害4 d后,受害叶片产生带8、9两条蛋白质谱带,且含量随危害时间的延长而增加;在实验期内,两处理叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b及叶绿素总量均随危害时间的延长而下降,不同危害时间之间下降的幅度差异显著(P<0.05),另外,相同危害时间下两处理叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b及叶绿素总量下降的幅度也随虫口密度的增大而增加,两虫口密度之间差异显著(P<0.05)。     

The Effects of Different Cotton Varieties on the Carmine Spider Mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisd. (Acari: Tetranychidae)

The aim of this study was to delta differences in resistance to the carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus between cotton varieties grown in different areas. The effects of 8 varieties from several countries cm the development, longevity and fecundity of T-cinnabarinus were investigated in the laboratory. On leaves of the Egyptian cotton, Gossypium vitifolium, variety Giza 75, both females and males required a longer period to complete development than on the G. hirsutum varieties Coker 310 and MCH H. Female mites reared on the variety Coker 310 lived significantly longer and had the longest oviposition period. The largest total progeny per female was observed on the varieties Coker 310 and MCH H, the smallest on the varieties Aleppo 1 and Giza 75. The cotton varieties had no effect on the sex ratio of T. cinnabarinus. In general, the G. hirsutum varieties Coker 310 and MCH 11 appeared to be most supportive for T. cinnabarinus, whereas the G. vitifolium variety Giza 75 clearly showed reduced susceptibility.     

中国胭脂虫发展现状概述

通过对胭脂虫(Dactylopius coccus Costa)繁养、加工的研究,简述了中国胭脂虫的繁养、色素的特性、营养价值及加工利用等现状;提出了发展胭脂虫的方向及建议。