苹果低氧气调新组合贮后效应的利用研究

利用0.12mm聚乙烯薄膜大帐进行低氧气调新组合的较大规模应用试验,对2394kg玫瑰红苹果进行低氧处理,帐内O2浓度可下调至约2%,CO2浓度可自动维持在5%～8%的较理想状态,处理结束后很易转为MA自发气调。低氧处理后再MA贮藏的苹果,虎皮病果率低、症状轻,腐烂果少,果柄和果皮新鲜,叶绿素保持效果好,果肉硬度明显高于小包装气调和冷藏对照。说明利用塑膜大帐进行前期低氧新组合处理与后期自发气调、实现低氧气调新组合贮后效应的利用是可行的。     

Estimation of phenotypic variability in symbiotic nitrogen fixation ability of common bean under drought stress using 15N natural abundance in grain

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important food legume, cultivated by small farmers and is usually exposed to unfavorable conditions with minimum use of inputs. Drought and low soil fertility, especially phosphorus and nitrogen (N) deficiencies, are major limitations to bean yield in smallholder systems. Beans can derive part of their required N from the atmosphere through symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF). Drought stress severely limits SNF ability of plants. The main objectives of this study were to: (i) test and validate the use of ¹⁵N natural abundance in grain to quantify phenotypic differences in SNF ability for its implementation in breeding programs of common bean with bush growth habit aiming to improve SNF, and (ii) quantify phenotypic differences in SNF under drought to identify superior genotypes that could serve as parents. Field studies were conducted at CIAT-Palmira, Colombia using a set of 36 bean genotypes belonging to the Middle American gene pool for evaluation in two seasons with two levels of water supply (irrigated and drought stress). We used ¹⁵N natural abundance method to compare SNF ability estimated from shoot tissue sampled at mid-pod filling growth stage vs. grain tissue sampled at harvest. Our results showed positive and significant correlation between nitrogen derived from the atmosphere (%Ndfa) estimated using shoot tissue at mid-pod filling and %Ndfa estimated using grain tissue at harvest. Both methods showed phenotypic variability in SNF ability under both drought and irrigated conditions and a significant reduction in SNF ability was observed under drought stress. We suggest that the method of estimating Ndfa using grain tissue (Ndfa-G) could be applied in bean breeding programs to improve SNF ability. Using this method of Ndfa-G, we identified four bean lines (RCB 593, SEA 15, NCB 226 and BFS 29) that combine greater SNF ability with greater grain yield under drought stress and these could serve as potential parents to further improve SNF ability of common bean.     

契诃夫短篇小说的“简单”特色

契诃夫是俄国十分著名的小说名匠,它的短篇小说别具特色,在语言运用方面,精炼、直白不冗杂,给人一种清淅明了的舒畅;在人物塑造方面,他运用简单的线条、笔触来勾勒,能够直击人物的重点;在叙事角度,他选择用日常生活中的小事来阐述大的哲学道理;契诃夫的短篇小说,虽简单却五脏俱全,细节描写细致入微,耐人寻味。下面文章将分就契诃夫短篇小说中的"简单"特色进行具体阐述。     

艺术设计中“图”与“底”的关系

人们关注的中心为“图”,背景的部分为“底”,“图形”与“基底”的关系指一个封闭的式样与另一个和它同质的非封闭的背景之间的关系。图底关系理论在城市建筑设计中大有可为。     

Sintering of Magnetite Concentrates Without Carbon

With the goal of the sintering of magnetite concentrates without carbon,the effect of quality,inert atmosphere and Fe_3O_4 addition on microwave sintering of magnetite concentrates is studied.It is shown that: With the same basicity(CaO/SiO_2=2.5) and microwave heating condition(1000W,2.45GHz,20min),the centre temperature decreaseds with a increasing sample mass;There is no great difference between with and without inert atmosphere in microwave sintering of magnetite in a same microwave heating condition.When 100g sample(CaO/SiO_2=2.5) is heated by microwave irradiation(1000W,2.45GHz,20min),the more Fe_3O_4 is added,the less liquid phase is produced,which is bad for microwave sintering of magnetite concentrate.     

我国粮食仓储技术的概况与发展

粮食安全储存是个世界性难题,如何发展、提升和完善粮食仓储技术是我国政府面临的一项亟待解决的课题.为此,在提出粮食仓储技术内涵的基础上,首先概述总结了我国粮食仓储设施及方式的发展历程;其次在分析国内储粮技术研究发展现状的基础上,重点介绍了低温储粮、气调储粮两种绿色环保型储粮技术及计算机技术在仓储上的应用;论述了我国仓储设备的整体发展现状;最后指出了我国仓储技术的存在的问题与发展趋势.     

臭氧结合氮气气调储藏对稻谷品质的影响

为探讨臭氧(O3)预处理结合氮气(N2)气调对稻谷储藏品质的影响,以4种不同方式(O3/N2、O3/Air、对照/N2、对照/Air)对稻谷进行处理,并在14℃和相对湿度75％的储藏条件下,对储藏期间稻谷微生物指标、理化特性和感官评分等进行研究.结果表明,臭氧预处理显著降低了稻谷中细菌、霉菌和酵母菌菌落数(P＜0.05...     

气调包装协同低温等离子体杀菌对狮子头保鲜效果的影响

为探究气调包装协同低温等离子体处理对狮子头品质及货架期的影响,本研究设置对照组(普通彩袋包装)、气调包装组(40%CO₂+60%N₂)以及气调包装协同不同处理时间的低温等离子体组(MAP-3 min、MAP-6 min、MAP-9 min),通过菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、硫代巴比妥酸反应物(TBARS)、感官评定及挥发性有机化合物等指标综合评价狮子头的贮藏品质。结果表明,气调包装协同低温等离子体处理使狮子头的初始微生物数量降低0.70~1.56 log CFU·g^-1,能有效减缓狮子头贮藏过程中TVB-N值的增加及脂质氧化。经低温等离子体处理后的新鲜狮子头中庚醇、1-己醇、1-丙醇、2-癸酮及壬酸等挥发性有机化合物增加。2-己酮、2-丁酮、苯乙烯、2-甲基吡嗪及八甲基三硅氧烷等挥发性有机化合物可能是狮子头腐败气味的主要成分。与对照组及其他处理组相比,MAP-6 min和MAP-9 min处理均可将狮子头货架期延长7 d,MAP-6 min和MAP-9 min 2组狮子头在贮藏7 d后微生物及TVB-N、TBARS等品质指标无显著差异。综合各项指标及能源成本,40%CO₂+60%N₂气调包装协同低温等离子体处理6 min可以在显著抑制微生物生长的同时保持狮子头的品质,将产品货架期延长至14 d。本研究结果为中式调理类肉丸制品新型保鲜技术的发展提供了理论参考。     

生物保鲜剂结合气调包装对带鱼冷藏货架期的影响

为了延长带鱼冷藏货架期,以空气包装组为对照,在（4±1）℃冷藏条件下,采用复合生物保鲜剂涂膜及保鲜剂结合气调包装对带鱼进行保鲜试验。以感官评分、细菌总数、挥发性盐基氮值（total volatile base nitrogen,TVB-N）、pH值、硫代巴比妥酸值（the 2-thiobarbituric acid,TBA）和汁液流失率为指标,测定带鱼冷藏过程中的品质变化。结果表明：空气包装组带鱼冷藏货架期为4 d,复合生物保鲜剂（1.0%壳聚糖＋0.4%茶多酚）具有良好的抑菌保鲜作用,高浓度CO2气调包装带鱼汁液流失较为严重,生物保鲜剂结合60%CO2＋10%O2＋30%N2气调包装组保鲜效果最为显著,冷藏贮存20 d,带鱼的细菌总数为5.59 lg(cfu/g),TVB-N值为19.39 mg/100 g,仍处在带鱼二级鲜度之内,可将冷藏带鱼货架期延长至20d,是对照组的5倍,且能较好地维持新鲜带鱼感官品质,以期为带鱼的保鲜提供一定的参考。     

液氮充注气调保鲜运输厢内环境因素间耦合关系

为掌握液氮充注气调运输保鲜环境因素间的耦合关系,搭建了气调运输保鲜环境调控试验平台。通过试验分别研究了制冷、高压雾化加湿、液氮充注气调、换气等调节过程对保鲜环境中温度、相对湿度、氧气体积分数、二氧化碳体积分数等参数的影响。结果表明:液氮充注气调在快速降低氧气体积分数的同时,对温度和相对湿度影响均较大;制冷在降低温度的同时,对相对湿度影响较大;采用高压雾化加湿时,对温度影响较小,空气压缩机吸入外界空气将对氧气体积分数产生较大影响,而吸入厢体内气体对氧气体积分数影响均很小;换气对厢体内氧气体积分数和二氧化碳体积分数影响较大。研究结果可供气调运输保鲜环境综合调控提供参考。