Genetic variability within Phaeoisariopsis griseola from Central America and its implications for resistance breeding of common bean

The genetic and virulence variability of 112 isolates of Phaeoisariopsis griseola , collected from various locations in Central America, were studied using seven random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers and 12 common-bean differential genotypes. Broad molecular diversity ( H  = 0·92) among isolates was found using RAPD markers. Fifty pathotypes were identified on 12 differential bean genotypes, 29 of which were represented by only one isolate. Only 18 pathotypes were found in two or more countries. Pathotype 63-63 was the most virulent and caused leaf spots on all 12 common-bean differential genotypes. Comparison of virulence phenotypes and RAPD profiles to known Andean P. griseola isolates confirmed that all isolates belonged to the Mesoamerican group. Pairwise comparison between individual RAPD loci showed that the majority were in gametic phase linkage disequilibrium, revealing that P. griseola maintains a genetic structure that is consistent with asexual reproduction. The molecular and virulence diversities of P. griseola isolates from Central America imply that using single resistance genes to manage angular leaf spot is inadequate and stacking resistance genes may be necessary to manage the disease effectively.     

有棱丝瓜种植密度的研究

对有棱丝瓜品种雅绿二号春植进行6种种植密度的试验结果表明,种植密度对产量有明显的影响,以1 110株/667 m2的种植密度下产量、产值最高,栽培效果最好。     

BTH对厚皮甜瓜抗病性的诱导作用研究

在大棚内使用植物抗病性诱导剂BTH75μg.mL^-1用药2次,对甜瓜白粉病和细菌角斑病防治效果可达60％左右,BTH用药50μg.mL^-1,或仅用药1次,则效果较差。BTH对采后病害也具有良好的防治作用,驻采后处理可推迟发病1－2周,抗病性诱导剂BTH用量少,无环境污染,防治效果好,是一种具有广泛应用前景的新型植物病害防治剂,本文首次报道了BTH对甜瓜白粉病,细菌角斑病和甜瓜采用病害的防治作用。     

板栗角斑病的病原鉴定与杀菌剂毒力测定

对广东省近年新发现的一种板栗叶部病害进行了病原鉴定,结果为胶孢炭疽菌,但该病症状与板栗炭疽病显著不同,将其命名为角斑病。10种杀菌剂对该菌的毒力测定结果表明宝宁、扑菌清和多菌灵效果最佳,其次为叶斑净和世高。     

CORRECTION OF ANGULAR DEFORMITY BY ASYMMETRIC PHYSEAL GROWTH AND BONE REMODELLING

Angular deformities of 25 or 37 degrees valgus were created by transverse wedge osteotomies in the diaphysis of the radius in 3-month-old Cocker Spaniels. Spontaneous correction was judged from radiographs until skeletal maturity. The magnitude of correction was estimated, using the opposite normal leg as a control. Asymmetrical physeal growth corrected the induced angulation between the proximal and distal radial joint plane surfaces (joint plane angle). The average correction of the joint plane angle was 80% in the 25 degree group, and 72% in the 37 degree group. Bone remodeling of the radial shaft corrected the induced diaphyseal angulation by 50% in both groups during the study.     

Inheritance of angular leaf spot resistance in common bean line BAT 332 and identification of RAPD markers linked to the resistance gene

The existence of genetic variability for angular leaf spot (ALS) resistance in the common bean germplasm allows the development of breeding lines resistant to this disease. The BAT 332 line is an important resistance source to common bean ALS. In this work we determined the inheritance pattern and identified RAPD markers linked to a resistance gene present in BAT 332. Populations F₁, F₂,BCs and BCr derived from crosses between BAT 332 and cultivar Rudá were used. Rudá is a commercial cultivar with carioca type grains and susceptible to ALS. The resistance of BAT 332 to race 61.41 of the pathogen was confirmed. Segregation analysis of the plants indicated that a single dominant gene confers resistance. For identification of RAPD markers linked to the resistance gene, bulk segregant analysis (BSA) was used. Two RAPD markers,OPAA07₉₅₀ and OPAO12₉₅₀, linked in coupling phase at 5.10 and 5.83 cM of this gene, respectively, were identified. These molecular markers are important for common bean breeders and geneticists as source of genetic information and for marker assisted selection in breeding programs. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

侵染芝麻的芜菁花叶病毒黄斑黄化株系的初步鉴定

本文对较为普遍发生的芝麻黄化型病害分离物YS—I进行了初步病原鉴定。该分离物浸染芝麻引起叶片多角型黄斑黄化,植株不能正常开花结实。摩擦接种YS—I能够侵染7科9种植物,局部侵染苋色藜、千日红、蚕豆;系统侵染油菜、百日菊等。该病毒能够由桃蚜以非持久方式进行传播。病毒在芝麻病组织汁液中存活期2天,钝化温度55℃,稀释限点4×10~(-1)。提纯病毒为弯曲线状粒体,大小约为15×810nm。血清学上该病毒与芜菁花叶病毒密切相关,与花生条纹病毒、大豆花叶病毒和黄花叶病毒不相关。在TuMV株系鉴别寄主上,YS—I与引起芝麻矮化坏死的TuMV—Se具有明显不同症状反应。因此,YS—I为芜菁花叶病毒的又一芝麻分离株(TuMy—YS)。     

Use of hinged circular fixator constructs for the correction of crural deformities in three dogs

Background Hinged circular external skeletal fixator constructs are used to perform sequential correction of angular limb deformities, often with resultant limb segment lengthening, via distraction osteogenesis. Although there are several reports describing the use of these constructs for correction of antebrachial deformities in dogs, there is little information regarding their use on other limb segments. This report describes the use of hinged circular fixator constructs for the correction of acquired crural deformities in three skeletally immature dogs. Case reports Two dogs had purely frontal plane deformities (one valgus, one varus) and the third dog had frontal (valgus) and sagittal (recurvatum) components to its deformity. At the time of long‐term evaluation, frontal plane angulation relative to the contralateral limb improved from 40° to 22° of valgus, 30° to 5° of valgus, and 20° to 1° of varus in the three individual dogs. Tibial length discrepancies of 12% and 22% that were initially present in two dogs were improved to 6% and 10%, respectively, of the contralateral tibial length at the time of final evaluation; both dogs had compensatory growth of the ipsilateral femur and all dogs had an excellent functional outcome. Conclusion These cases illustrate the value of using hinged circular fixator constructs for correction of crural angular deformities, particularly when length discrepancies of the tibia are present.     

基于衍射重构技术的作物真菌病害孢子微型检测装置

为了解决现有孢子检测系统体积大、成本高等问题,提出了一种基于衍射重构技术的作物真菌病害孢子检测方法。根据惠更斯-菲涅尔原理、角谱理论,利用衍射成像复合重构计算设计了一种包含富集、进样机构的真菌病害孢子检测系统。该系统可以定时完成富集、进样、拍摄、重构和检测等操作,并通过重构算法实现对真菌病害孢子原像的重建,根据重构后的图像提取面积(Area)、细度(Thinness ratio)两个重要形态学特征,对稻瘟病孢子进行检测识别。实验结果表明,所设计装置对稻瘟病孢子的检测结果与人工显微镜识别结果高度线性相关,决定系数为0. 99,平均检测误差为5. 91%,具有较好的准确性。