镁、锰、活性炭和石灰及其交互作用对小麦镉吸收的影响

采用盆栽试验,研究了在镉污染土壤上施用石灰、硫酸镁、硫酸锰和活性炭不同用量以及交互作用对小麦生长和吸收重金属镉的影响。研究结果表明,在试验条件下施用适量的硫酸镁、硫酸锰或与石灰配合能明显提高小麦籽粒产量,单施石灰或与活性炭配合施用降低了小麦籽粒产量;与对照(CK)相比, 所有处理秸秆产量均下降。施用硫酸镁能显著降低小麦籽粒和秸秆中Cd浓度,且随用量的增加而增大。低量硫酸锰能有效降低小麦籽粒和秸秆中Cd浓度,高量反而增加小麦对Cd的吸收。石灰、活性炭单独施用或配合施用都能明显减少小麦对Cd的吸收,但籽/杆中Cd比却随石灰用量的增加呈明显的上升趋势。叶面喷施硫酸镁对降低小麦吸收镉的效果与土施相当,但叶面喷施硫酸锰却比土施硫酸锰显著降低了小麦籽粒中的镉浓度与吸收量。硫酸镁与硫酸锰,或石灰、硫酸镁和硫酸锰3种物质配合施用,对小麦籽粒镉浓度和吸收量的降低表现出明显的正交互作用,对抑制小麦体内镉从秸秆向籽粒的转移具有显著效果。     

Effects of water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation on post mortem glycolysis,AMP‐activated protein kinase and meat quality of broilers after transport during summer

Effects of water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation on post mortem glycolysis, adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and meat quality of broilers after transport during summer were investigated in the present paper. A total of 105 mixed‐sex Arbor Acres broilers were divided into three treatment groups: (i) 45 min transport without rest (T); (ii) 45 min transport with 1 h rest (TR); and (iii) 45 min transport with 15 min water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation and 45 min rest (TWFR). Each treatment consisted of five replicates with seven birds each. The results indicated that the water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation could mitigate the stress caused by transport under high temperature conditions during summer, which reduced the energy depletion in post mortem Pectoralis major (PM) muscle. This resulted in a higher energy status compared to the T group, which would decrease the expression of phosphorylation of AMPK (p‐AMPK). Furthermore, decreased the expression of p‐AMPK then slowed down the rate of glycolysis in post mortem PM muscle during the early post mortem period, which in turn lessened the negative effects caused by transport on meat quality. In conclusion, water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation may be a better method to control the incidence of the pale, soft and exudative meat in broilers.     

Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors and the intestine

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have long been used for the treatment of pain and inflammation because of their inhibitory effects on cyclooxygenase (COX). For almost as long as NSAIDs have been in use, multiple adverse effects have been noted. Assessment of many of these adverse effects have been complicated because of the discovery of multiple splice variants of the cox gene, and a greater array of COX inhibitors, especially the COX-2 selective inhibitors have become available. Some of these adverse effects cannot be readily explained by the effect of these drugs on COX. This has sparked a new field of investigation into the COX-independent effects of the COX inhibitors. The major noncyclooxygenase targets of the COX inhibitors of particular relevance to inflammation and the gastrointestinal tract are phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase Akt signaling, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, PPARgamma, nuclear factor KB, mitogen activated protein kinases, and heat shock proteins.     

活性污泥应用于农业前发酵处理过程中病原菌变化研究

采用黑曲霉为发酵剂对活性污泥进行全程无公害处理并对各种病原菌的生长变化进行监测。结果表明病原菌总量在发酵过程中呈“马鞍型”变化。由于不同堆肥处理组合的C/N比及添加辅料的不同,导致各种病原菌的生长规律出现差异;采用黑曲霉处理城市活性污泥可使病原菌数目减少,但不能达到完全杀灭的目的;对发酵污泥进行200℃高温物理处理后,病原菌存活量为零。因而活性污泥在堆肥后必须经过高温物理处理才能达到安全化和资源化。     

高锰酸钾复合药剂与粉末活性炭联用组合对微污染源水的强化混凝效能

通过对高锰酸钾复合药剂、粉末活性炭、预氯化工艺的对比及它们之间的联用组合工艺的试验研究 ,证明高锰酸钾复合药剂与粉末活性炭联用组合对微污染水的除色、除味、降低出水浊度效果明显。从而为老水厂寻找了一种简便易行、经济有效的去污染手段。     

氢氧化钠活化杉木屑制备活性炭的研究

采用杉木屑为原料,氢氧化钠为活化剂制备木质活性炭产品,探讨活化时间、活化温度、氢氧化钠浓度等工艺参数对木质活性炭的得率和吸附性能的影响.结果 表明,随活化温度、氢氧化钠浓度和活化时间的增大,木质活性炭的得率呈不断下降的趋势,木质活性炭的吸附性能呈先上升后下降的趋势.较优的工艺条件为:活化温度850℃、活化时间1.0h、...     

干旱胁迫对番茄活性氧代谢的影响

干旱胁迫导致番茄叶片ＲＷＣ、Ｃｈｌ和可溶性蛋白质含量下降，质膜透性和ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性提高．短期干旱胁迫可提高叶片ＳＯＤ和ＣＡＴ活性．４ｄ以内的干旱胁迫后复水，ＲＷＣ、Ｃｈｌ和可溶性蛋白质含量升高，清除活性氧保护酶ＳＯＤ、ＰＯＤ和ＣＡＴ的活性显著提高，抗氧化物质ＡｓＡ和ＧＳＨ的水平得到恢复，ＭＤＡ得到清除，自动氧化速率降低，重新建立了活性氧产生与清除的平衡系统，ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性降低，膜系统的损伤得到修复，透性降低，恢复了原有正常的生理代谢机能．长期干旱胁迫导致叶片清除活性氧的平衡体系受到破坏，ＳＯＤ、ＰＯＤ和ＣＡＴ活性以及ＡｓＡ和ＧＳＨ的含量下降，膜脂过氧化加剧，自动氧化速率提高，ＭＤＡ积累，影响番茄正常代谢，从而加速衰老进程     

桉树锯末制备颗粒活性炭实验研究

以桉树锯末和磷酸为原料制备了颗粒活性炭,研究浸渍比、活化温度、活化时间等对产品得率、强度和吸附性能的影响。实验得到最佳工艺条件为:磷酸与原料浸渍比为2∶1,温度300℃,预处理1 h,机械成型后,再以10℃/min升到活化温度450℃,活化1 h。此条件下,制备得到的活性炭性能指标为:强度95%,亚甲基蓝吸附值172.5 mg/g,碘吸附值790 mg/g,A法焦糖100%,得率40%左右。     

分级分相厌氧消化工艺的研究现状

厌氧消化是污泥处理的主要途径之一,分级分相厌氧消化工艺因产酸相和产甲烷相的分离而具有一系列的特点和优势。从污泥的停留时间、TOCD的去除率、COD去除率、应用范围等多角度对分级分相厌氧消化工艺进行了系统的分析。对最新的研究成果进行了总结,并对其在未来污泥处理中的应用前景进行了讨论。     

活性炭对柴油机尾气吸附机理及其行为研究

柴油车排放尾气严重污染环境并危害人类健康,其净化技术一直是人们研究的热点问题。基于各种活性炭的尘埃吸附性及气体通透性．研究了不同量活性炭在非催化条件下对尾气的吸附机理及行为。试验结果表明：各种活性炭对柴油机尾气排放物吸附作用较为明显：煤质活性炭对于尾气排放物吸附作用要强于椰壳活性炭碳,且对尾气排放降低程度最大、经济性最好用量在400g左右。