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1.
Ludwig John A. Eager Robert W. Bastin Gary N. Chewings Vanessa H. Liedloff Adam C. 《Landscape Ecology》2002,17(2):157-171
The cover, number, size, shape, spatial arrangement and orientation of vegetation patches are attributes that have been used
to indicate how well landscapes function to retain, not ‘leak’, vital system resources such as rainwater and soil. We derived
and tested a directional leakiness index (DLI) for this resource retention function. We used simulated landscape maps where
resource flows over map surfaces were directional and where landscape patch attributes were known. Although DLI was most strongly
related to patch cover, it also logically related to patch number, size, shape, arrangement and orientation. If the direction
of resource flow is multi-directional, a variant of DLI, the multi-directional leakiness index (MDLI) can be used. The utility
of DLI and MDLI was demonstrated by applying these indices to three Australian savanna landscapes differing in their remotely
sensed vegetation patch attributes. These leakiness indices clearly positioned these three landscapes along a function-dysfunction
continuum, where dysfunctional landscapes are leaky (poorly retain resources).
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
2.
We describe the classification of landscapes characterised bymineral soil using a model that calculates soil moisture availability on amonthly basis. Scotland is used as a case study area. The model uses potentialsoil moisture deficit, estimated using broad scale (40 × 40 km)climate patterns, in conjunction with meteorological station measurements toobtain finer scale values of climatic soil moisture deficit. Point estimates ofsoil available water are obtained for soil characteristics using appropriatepedotransfer functions, and geostatistical techniques are used to upscale theresults and interpolate to a 1-km grid. Known heterogeneityin soil physical characteristics is used to provide local corrections to thepotential soil moisture deficit, estimated using the climatic variables above.Temporal profiles of monthly water content are modelled for each1-km location and classified into six classes usingunsupervised cluster analysis. The spatial distribution of these classesreflects regional variations in the availability of moisture and energy, onwhich finer-grained topographic patterns are superimposed. In the case study,the broad scale spatial heterogeneity of heathlands and grasslands on mineralsoils in Scotland is shown to be strongly related to the soil moistureclassification. The results can be used in studies investigating the patternsofdistribution of communities at the landscape and regional scale.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
Modelling land cover transitions: A solution to the problem of spatial dependence in data 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Raster-based spatial land cover transition models (LCTMs) are widely used in landscape ecology. However, many LCTMs do not account for spatial dependence of the input data, which may artificially fragment the output spatial configuration. We demonstrate the consequences of ignoring spatial dependence, thus assigning probabilities randomly in space, using a simple LCTM. We ran the model from four different initial conditions with distinct spatial configurations and results indicated that, after 20 simulation steps, all of them converged towards the spatial configuration of the random data set. From an ecological perspective this is a serious problem because ecological data often exhibit distinct spatial configuration related to ecological processes. As a solution, we propose an approach (region approach) that accounts for spatial dependence of LCTM input data. Underlying spatial dependence was used to apply spatial bias to probability assignment within the model. As a case study we applied a region approach to a Vegetation Transition Model (VTM); a semi-Markovian model that simulates forest succession. The VTM was applied to approximately 500,000 ha of boreal forest in Ontario, at 1 ha pixel resolution. When the stochastic transition algorithms were applied without accounting for spatial dependence, spatial configuration of the output data became progressively more fragmented. When the VTM was applied using the region approach to account for spatial dependence output fragmentation was reduced. Accounting for spatial dependence in transition models will create more reliable output for analyzing spatial patterns and relating those patterns to ecological processes.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
鸭疫里氏杆菌形态特征的电镜观察 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
自鸭传染性浆膜炎的病死鸭中分离鉴定的鸭疫里氏杆菌(RA)Ⅰ、Ⅱ型两个菌株,用负染法和超薄切片法制备样品,于透射电镜下进行观察。结果观察到约占1/3的RA具有特殊的形态结构:在细菌的顶端或侧面有1~2个与菌体相连的芽状赘生物,有的也能从菌体上脱落下来。它在超薄切片中的大小约为菌体的1/3~1/5,能观察到其内部也具有类似菌体内部的结构。且具有类似菌体的“细胞壁”,类似于核体部分的结构位于“细胞壁”的一侧。而用相同的方法制作的鸭大肠杆菌(E.cozi)对照样品,却见不到这种特殊的形态结构。说明这种形态特征可能是RA特有的。 相似文献
5.
To assess phosphorus(P) status of forest soil under naturally restored vegetation, P fractions in the 10-cm soil layer were quantified at different successional stages on the clear-cut site of mixed broadleaved and Korean pine forest. Four communities of shrub, softwood broad-leaved forest, softwood and hardwood broad-leaved forest, and hardwood broad-leaved forest represented different successional stages. A soil sample from a primary broad-leaved and Korean pine stand was the control. A sequen... 相似文献
6.
采用Li-6400光合分析系统,对修枝接干和对照泡桐不同冠层、不同方位叶片在不同光量子密度条件下的净光合速率(Pn)进行测定,并采用经验方程对其光反应曲线进行拟合,结果表明:(1)修枝接干可明显提高泡桐植株总体的光合潜力和适应强光环境的能力,其最大光合速率(Pmax)、光饱和点(LSP)、光补偿点(LCP)和光合幅度(PR)在修枝后分别达23.93 μmol·m-2·s-1、1 966.58 μmol·m-2·s-1,53.88 μmol·m-2·s-1、1 911.71 μmol·m-2·s-1,较对照分别高11.85%、15.61%、29.06%、15.21%.(2)修枝接干对泡桐诸光合指标的影响在树冠下层明显大于上层,并且使其上下冠层之间的差异性显著减小.修枝后泡桐下层树冠的Pmax、LSP、LCP、PR较对照分别高27.70%、36.74%、34.22%、36.80%,而上层差异不显著.(3)修枝接干对处于不同方位泡桐叶片的光合特性的影响在不同冠层具有不同程度的体现.在树冠上层的阳位与阴位间,修枝接干后的Pmax、LSP、LCP和PR分别较对照有所提高,但均不显著;而在树冠下层,修枝接干后其阳位叶的Pmax、LSP、LCP和PR分别较对照高21.80%、39.02%、28.72%和39.26%,阴位叶分别较对照高42.18%、39.35%、48.70%和39.13%,除了LCP在二处理间阳位的差异不显著外,其余的差异性均显著. 相似文献
7.
绵枣儿用于三峡库区植被重建及组织培养快繁研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
绵枣儿的淹水试验及组织培养结果表明:绵枣儿的成活率高、长势较好,适于库区植被重建;假鳞茎诱导愈伤组织较快,最佳培养基为6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L;不定芽分化最适培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L。 相似文献
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