荨麻皮刺水提液对小鼠离体肠平滑肌运动的影响

【目的】研究荨麻促进消化道平滑肌运动的植株主要部位,分析其可能的受体机制。【方法】用生物信号处理系统监测麻叶荨麻皮刺与内茎(不含皮刺)水提液对小鼠离体小肠平滑肌的影响。【结果】2倍浓度递增(0.1%~3.2%)的皮刺剂量依赖性增加小肠收缩幅度、收缩张力和收缩峰值(P<0.05),但对收缩频率无影响(P>0.05);而内茎浓度达0.4%后使小肠收缩频率减慢(P<0.05)。0.8%皮刺一次性用药后小肠收缩幅度、收缩张力、收缩峰值均显著升高(P<0.05),而同剂量内茎对小肠收缩无影响(P>0.05)。M-受体阻断剂ATr与0.8%皮刺联合用药可使收缩幅度显著减弱(P<0.05)。【结论】荨麻植株的皮刺对消化道平滑肌具有促进作用,且可能部分作用是通过激活M-受体而实现。     

两种野生花灌木硬枝扦插繁殖试验

以燕山东段两种野生花灌木蚂蚱腿子(Myripnoisdioica)和胡枝子(Lespedezabicolor)为材料,进行了硬枝扦插研究。结果表明:(1)两种花灌木均为皮部生根类型,蚂蚱腿子不形成愈伤组织,胡枝子仅有少量插穗产生极微量的愈伤组织;(2)两种花灌木的最适外源激素和浓度并不相同,其中100mg·kg-1的NAA对蚂蚱腿子的生根率影响最显著;100mg·kg-1的IBA可有效提高胡枝子的生根率、根长及不定根根数。     

Effect of Urtica dioica extract intake upon blood lipid profile in the rats

Aqueous (150 mg/kg/day) and to a lesser extent petroleum ether (20 mg/kg/day) extract of Urtica dioica given for 30 days to rats fed with normal or high-fat diet, improved the blood lipid profile. Significant decreases in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio and plasma total apo B were observed. Assessment of GOT, GPT and LDH activities showed that no liver damage has occurred during the study period.     

裂叶荨麻提取物对2型糖尿病小鼠模型糖脂代谢影响的研究

研究裂叶荨麻提取物对高脂高糖饮食联合链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导2型糖尿病小鼠模型糖脂代谢的影响。将造模成功的糖尿病小鼠随机分为空白组,模型组,阳性组,荨麻提取物低、中、高剂量组(0.5、1、2 g/kg)。各组小鼠灌胃给药35 d,期间测定小鼠的体重、饮食量、饮水量、空腹血糖(FBG),末次给药结束后,测定血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)含量。连续灌胃治疗35 d后,小鼠的体重下降、多饮多食症状得到改善,荨麻提取物低、中、高剂量组FBG值分别下降了4.29、7.41、7.16 mmoL/L。与模型组相比,荨麻提取物各组小鼠TC值分别下降了1.17、0.76、1.77 mmoL/L,TG值分别下降了0.53、0.60、0.71 mmoL/L,LDL-C值分别下降了0.50、0.39、0.65 mmoL/L,HDL-C值分别升高了0.66、1.13、1.24 mmoL/L,其中高剂量组效果最为显著(P<0.01)。结果表明,裂叶荨麻提取物对2型糖尿病小鼠的高血糖及高血脂症状有一定的缓解作用。     

青海高原麻叶荨麻主要营养物质动态变化研究

对青海高原不同发育时期的麻叶荨麻主要营养物质动态变化进行分析,结果表明,在麻叶荨麻整个生长发育过程中,蛋白质含量和氨基酸总量呈下降趋势,但总体保持较高水平;矿物元素含量呈先下降(6月)后升高(8月)之后迅速下降的趋势;维生素类物质基本上呈下降趋势。因此,可根据荨麻资源开发利用的不同用途,选取适宜的采收时期。     

4种灌木树种的耐荫性研究

以进入城市园林绿化树种行列的大花溲疏、荆条、蚂蚱腿子、小桐子4种喜光灌木树种为对象,研究其耐荫性能。对此4种植物进行不同程度的遮荫处理后,测定其叶片的光合作用、呼吸作用及其相关生理指标的变化,比较了遮荫对此4种喜光灌木树种所造成的一些生理变化,并对这4种喜光灌木树种耐荫性的强弱进行了综合排序。研究发现,遮荫对此4种灌木树种的光合特性等生理指标都有不同程度的影响,其耐荫性的综合排序结果为:蚂蚱腿子的耐荫性最强,大花溲疏次之,再次是小桐子,而荆条的耐荫性最弱。     

水分胁迫对异株荨麻光响应特性的影响

采用盆栽试验研究了土壤饱和含水量为100％、70％、60％及40％条件下,异株荨麻的光合作用—光响应特性.结果表明:非直角双曲线模型能很好地拟合异株荨麻的光合作用—光响应曲线;净光合速率在同等光合有效辐射时基本上表现为T2＞T3＞T1＞T4;异株荨麻叶片的表观量子效率、最大净光合速率、暗呼吸速率和光饱和点均在适度水分胁迫下达到最大,在重度干旱胁迫下最低,这说明适度水分胁迫有助于提高异株荨麻对光能的利用能力.     

Effects of litter (beech and stinging nettle) and earthworms (Octolasion lacteum) on carbon and nutrient cycling in beech forests on a basalt-limestone gradient: A laboratory experiment

Effects of leaf litter of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and stinging nettles (Urtica dioica L.) and of the endogeic earthworm species Octolasion lacteum (Örley) on carbon turnover and nutrient dynamics in soil of three beechwood sites on a basalt hill (Hesse, Germany) were investigated in a laboratory experiment lasting for about 1 year. The sites were located along a gradient from basalt (upper part of the hill) to limestone (lower part of the hill) with an intermediate site in between (transition zone). At the intermediate site U. dioica dominated in the understory whereas at the other sites Mercurialis perennis L. was most abundant. The amount and composition of organic matter was similar in soil of the basalt (carbon content 5.9%, C/N ratio 13.8) and intermediate site (carbon content 5.6%, C/N ratio 14.3) but the soil of the intermediate site produced more CO₂ (in total +17.5%) and more nitrogen (as nitrate) was leached from this soil (in total +55.6%). It is concluded that the soil of the intermediate site contains a large mobile carbon and nitrogen pool and the formation of this pool is ascribed to the input of U. dioica litter. Leaf litter of U. dioica strongly increased NO₃ ^–-N leaching immediately after the litter had been added, whereas nitrogen was immobilized due to addition of beech litter. Despite the very fast initial decomposition of nettle litter, the increase in CO₂ production due to this litter material was only equivalent to 20.1% of the amount of carbon added with the nettle litter; the respective value for beech litter was 34.8%. Earthworms altered the time course of carbon and nitrogen mineralization in each of the treatments. In general, earthworms strongly increased mineralization of nitrogen but this effect was less pronounced in soil of the intermediate site (treatments without litter), which is ascribed to a depleted physically protected nitrogen and carbon pool. In contrast, their effect on the total amount of nitrogen mobilized from nettle litter was small. Earthworms significantly reduced CO₂ production from soil of the intermediate site (treatments without litter) and it is concluded that earthworm activity contributes to the restoration of the depleted physically protected carbon pool at this site.     

Response of plant species composition,biomass production and biomass chemical properties to high N,P and K application rates in Dactylis glomerata‐ and Festuca arundinacea‐dominated grassland

Little is known about the immediate effect of high nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) application rates on sown grasslands cut twice per year. We asked how quickly plant species composition, biomass yield, biomass chemical properties and nutrient balance respond to N, P and K application. An experiment using unfertilized control, P, N, NP and NPK treatments was established on seven‐year‐old cut grassland in the Czech Republic in 2007 and monitored over four years. Annual application rates were 300 kg N ha^?1, 80 kg P ha^?1 and 200 kg K ha^?1. The immediate response of plant species composition to N application was recorded and was found to be different to the response over the four years of the study period. Highly productive grasses (Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea and Phleum pratense) were promoted by N application in 2008 and then retreated together with legumes (Medicago sativa, Trifolium pratense and Trifolium repens) in all N treatments where the expansion of perennial forbs (Urtica dioica and Rumex obtusifolius) and annual weeds (Galinsoga quadriradiata, Impatiens parviflora, Lamium purpureum and Stellaria media) was recorded. At the end of the experiment, Festuca rubra was the dominant grass in the control and P treatment, and species richness was lowest in all treatments with N application. Mean annual dry‐matter yield over all years was 3.5, 3.9, 5.8, 5.6 and 6.8 t ha^?1 in the control, P, N, NP and NPK treatments, respectively. Concentrations of N in the biomass ranged from 20.0 to 28.7 g kg^?1 in the P and N treatments; concentrations of P ranged from 3.2 to 3.7 g kg^?1 in the N and P treatments; and concentrations of K ranged from 24.1 to 34.0 g kg^?1 in the NP and NPK treatments. The N:P, N:K and K:P ratios did not correctly indicate the nutrient limitation of biomass production, which was primarily N‐limited, and K‐limitation was only recorded for high production levels in treatments with N applications. On the basis of the nutrient‐balance approach, the balanced annual application rates were estimated as 140 kg N ha^?1, 30 kg P ha^?1 and 100 kg K ha^?1. We concluded that high N, P and K application rates can very quickly and dramatically change species composition, biomass production and its chemical properties in sown cut grasslands. High N application rates can be detrimental for tall forage grasses and can support the spread of weedy species.     

STINGING NETTLE (URTICA DIOICA L.) GROWTH AND MINERAL UPTAKE FROM LEAD-ARSENATE CONTAMINATED ORCHARD SOILS

Growth and mineral uptake was studied in stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) grown on lead-arsenate contaminated orchard soils. Six soil samples including a non-orchard control were used. Uniform U. dioica seedlings were transplanted into pots arranged in a completely randomized design and raised under uniform greenhouse conditions. Shoots were harvested at day 26, and shoot (harvest 2) and root portions 50 days after transplanting. All samples were oven dried, weighed, and processed for mineral analysis. Elevated arsenic levels in soil did not significantly affect nettle growth except at the highest concentration of 163 mg kg^?1. There was arsenic bio-concentration in U. dioica roots and high levels of arsenic and lead in both below- and aboveground tissues. Stinging nettle is a plant of economic importance harvested for food and medicine. Our results show that humans can be exposed to toxic levels of arsenic and lead through contaminated nettle products.